抗原提呈和树突状细胞 - Ira Mellman Part 2
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
早在100多年前，科学家就已经发现，免疫反应是由先天性和适应性免疫两个系统构成。而负责连接这两部分免疫反应的细胞类型，是最近才发现的树突状细胞。树突状细胞具有检测保守微生物产物的能力，可以激活细胞的先天免疫反应，并捕捉到广泛多样的微生物抗原抗体，也可以激活适应性免疫反应。抗原提呈和树突状细胞的独特能力，反映了细胞生物学的一系列显著的特化作用。
Ira Mellman (Genentech) Part 2: antigen Presentation and Dendritic Cells
The immune response integrates two distinct systems of innate and adaptive immunity discovered over 100 years ago. Linking these two arms of the immune response is the task of a comparatively recently identified cell type, the dendritic cell. Dendritic cells have the capacity to detect the conserved microbial products that activate cells of the innate immune response and capture the dramatically wider diversity of microbial antigens to prime antibody and T cell responses characteristic of adaptive immunity. The unique capacity of dendritic cells for antigen processing and presentation reflects a series of remarkable specializations of basic principles of cell biology.
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Controlling the Cell Cycle: Introduction - David O. Morgan
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
David O. Morgan (UCSF) Part 1: Controlling the Cell Cycle: Introduction
Cells reproduce by duplicating their chromosomes and other components and then distributing them into a pair of genetically identical daughter cells. This series of events is called the cell cycle. In the first part of this lecture, I provide a general overview of the cell-cycle control system, a complex regulatory network that guides the cell through the steps of cell division. I briefly describe the major components of this regulatory system and how they fit together to form a series of biochemical switches that trigger cell-cycle events at the correct time and in the correct order.
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生物谷APP，每天都有新资讯，每天都有好视频！
官方下载地址：http://www.medsci.cn/m/
Controlling the Cell Cycle: Cdk Substrates - David O. Morgan
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
David O. Morgan (UCSF) Part 2: Controlling the Cell Cycle: Cdk Substrates
Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the central components of the control system that initiates the events of the cell cycle. In the second part of this lecture, I discuss my laboratory's efforts to address the problem of how the Cdks trigger cell-cycle events. I describe our methods for identifying the protein substrates of the Cdks, and I discuss how these studies have led to important clues about how Cdks find their correct targets in the cell and how phosphorylation of those targets governs their function.
Controlling the Cell Cycle: anaphase Onset - David O. Morgan
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
David O. Morgan (UCSF) Part 3: Controlling the Cell Cycle: anaphase Onset
In the anaphase stage of the cell cycle, the duplicated chromosomes are pulled apart by a machine called the mitotic spindle, resulting in the distribution of a complete set of chromosomes to each of the daughter cells. In the third part of this lecture, I describe the combination of biochemistry and microscopy in my laboratory that led to the discovery of a regulatory switch that triggers the abrupt and synchronous separation of the chromosomes at the onset of anaphase.
Photoreceptors and Image Processing Part 1A - Jeremy Nathans
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
Jeremy Nathans (Johns Hopkins) Part 1A: Photoreceptors and Image Processing
In this set of lectures, Jeremy Nathans explores the molecular mechanisms within the retina that mediate the first steps in vision. The first lecture focuses on the structure of the light sensing receptors, the intracellular signals that are triggered by light absorption, and the ways in which the retina extracts information from a complex scene. See more at http://www.ibioseminars.org
Photoreceptors and Image Processing Part 1B - Jeremy Nathans
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
Jeremy Nathans (Johns Hopkins) Part 1B: Photoreceptors and Image Processing
In this set of lectures, Jeremy Nathans explores the molecular mechanisms within the retina that mediate the first steps in vision. The first lecture focuses on the structure of the light sensing receptors, the intracellular signals that are triggered by light absorption, and the ways in which the retina extracts information from a complex scene. See more at http://www.ibioseminars.org
生物学中的蛋白质磷酸化 - Susan Taylor
In this lecture, I have given an overview of protein kinase structure and function using cyclic AMP dependent kinase (PKA) as a prototype for this enzyme superfamily. I have demonstrated what we have learned from the overall structural kinome which allows us to compare many protein kinases and also to appreciate how the highly regulated eukaryotic protein kinase has evolved. By comparing many protein kinase structures, we are beginning to elucidate general rules of architecture. In addition, I have attempted to illustrate how PKA is regulated by cAMP and how it is localized to specific macromolecular complexes through scaffold proteins.
蛋白激酶的结构 - Susan Taylor
In this lecture, I have given an overview of protein kinase structure and function using cyclic AMP dependent kinase (PKA) as a prototype for this enzyme superfamily. I have demonstrated what we have learned from the overall structural kinome which allows us to compare many protein kinases and also to appreciate how the highly regulated eukaryotic protein kinase has evolved. By comparing many protein kinase structures, we are beginning to elucidate general rules of architecture. In addition, I have attempted to illustrate how PKA is regulated by cAMP and how it is localized to specific macromolecular complexes through scaffold proteins.
蛋白激酶的调控与定位- Susan Taylor
In this lecture, I have given an overview of protein kinase structure and function using cyclic AMP dependent kinase (PKA) as a prototype for this enzyme superfamily. I have demonstrated what we have learned from the overall structural kinome which allows us to compare many protein kinases and also to appreciate how the highly regulated eukaryotic protein kinase has evolved. By comparing many protein kinase structures, we are beginning to elucidate general rules of architecture. In addition, I have attempted to illustrate how PKA is regulated by cAMP and how it is localized to specific macromolecular complexes through scaffold proteins.
Protein synthesis: mRNA surveillance by the ribosome
Rachel Green (Johns Hopkins U., HHMI) 2: Protein synthesis: mRNA surveillance by the ribosome
Talk Overview:
In her first talk, Green provides a detailed look at protein synthesis, or translation. Translation is the process by which nucleotides, the “language” of DNA and RNA, are translated into amino acids, the “language” of proteins. Green begins by describing the components needed for translation; mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes, and the initiation, elongation, and termination factors. She then explains the roles of these players in ensuring accuracy during the initiation, elongation, termination and recycling steps of the translation process. By comparing translation in bacteria and eukaryotes, Green explains that it is possible to determine which components and steps are highly conserved and predate the divergence of different kingdoms on the tree of life, and which are more recent adaptations.
Green’s second talk focuses on work from her lab investigating how ribosomes detect defective mRNAs and trigger events leading to the degradation of the bad RNA and the incompletely translated protein product and to the recycling of the ribosome components. Working in yeast and using a number of biochemical and genetic techniques, Green’s lab showed that the protein Dom34 is critical for facilitating ribosome release from the short mRNAs that result from mRNA cleavage. Experiments showed that Dom34-mediated rescue of ribosomes from short mRNAs is an essential process for cell survival in higher eukaryotes.
Speaker Biography:
Rachel Green received her BS in chemistry from the University of Michigan. She then moved to Harvard to pursue her PhD in the lab of Jack Szostak where she worked on designing catalytic RNA molecules and investigating their implications for the evolution of life. As a post-doctoral fellow at the University of California, Santa Cruz, Green began to study how the ribosome translates mRNA to protein with such accuracy.
Currently, Green is a Professor of Molecular Biology and Genetics at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Research in her lab continues to focus on the ribosome and factors involved in the fidelity of eukaryotic and prokaryotic translation.
Green is the recipient of a Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Graduate Teaching Award as well as the recipient for numerous awards for her research. She was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2012.