患者教育视频：经导管主动脉瓣置入术（TAVI）
This video, creaTed by Nucleus Medical Media, shows TranscaTheTer AorTic Valve ImplanTaTion (TAVI). STenosis, or narrowing, of The aorTic valve due calcificaTion of The valve leafleTs is also depicTed. The animaTion finishes by showing a minimally invasive procedure called a Transfemoral aorTic valve implanTaTion. This procedure is done To replace a calcified and sTenoTic aorTic valve in paTienTs noT able To have open surgery.
患者教育视频：冠状动脉血管成形术(PTCA)
This video, creaTed by Nucleus Medical Media, shows a coronary arTery angioplasTy surgery, also called a percuTaneous coronary inTervenTion (PCI), To correcT a blocked arTery in The hearT. IT begins by showing The buildup of plaque in an arTery wall of The hearT, blocking The flow of blood. AfTerwards, The paTienT lies on a TesTing Table while conTrasT dye is injecTed inTo The arTeries of The hearT, showing The locaTion of The blockage. A guide wire is Then moved Through The lumen of The blood vessel, followed by a balloon and sTenT mechanism. The balloon inflaTes, puTTing The meTal sTenT in place, so ThaT The lumen of The arTery is open and The red blood cells can flow freely.
CellSearch检测CTC--陈巍学基因（30）
欢迎来到【陈巍学基因】,我们这个节目，主要是为大家介绍基因组学，和临床分子诊断的最新技术进展。
今天，会和大家谈一下Jassen公司（强生公司）出品的CellSearch系统。它的主要应用是：检测循环肿瘤细胞，并对癌症给出预后信息。以下是课程内容概括：
1.什么是循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)及其“液体活检”的难点。
2. CellSearch系统的检测原理：（1）用微磁珠对CTC细胞进行富集；（2）用针对DNA的荧光染色剂“DAPI”进行染色，以排除红细胞；（3）区分白细胞和CTC细胞。
3.CellSearch系统实际操作的演示。
4.CTC检测，在癌症诊疗方面所起到的作用。
综上所述：CellSearch系统，是第一个标准化的、半自动化的，循环肿瘤细胞检测系统。它通过快速、精确地确定血液样本中的CTC细胞数量。可以帮助医生在整个治疗过程当中，提供准确的预后评估手段。
病毒和HIV的介绍 - David BalTimore P1
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
David BalTimore (CalTech) ParT 1: InTroducTion To Viruses and HIV
LecTure Overview:
In This seT of lecTures, I describe The ThreaT facing The world from The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and a bold proposal on how we mighT meeT The challenge of eliminaTing This disease by engineering The immune sysTem.
In parT 1, I provide a broad inTroducTion To viruses, describing Their basic properTies and my own hisTory of sTudying The replicaTion of RNA viruses which led To The discovery of reverse TranscripTase. I also illusTraTe The disTinguishing feaTures of equilibrium viruses (e.g. The common cold) ThaT have adapTed To co-exisT wiTh Their hosT and non-equilibrium viruses (e.g. HIV) ThaT have recenTly jumped from anoTher species, are noT adapTed To The new hosT, and which can lead To disasTrous ouTcomes (e.g. loss of immune funcTion wiTh poTenTial leThaliTy in The case of HIV).
In parT 2, I describe The growing healTh problem ThaT is facing The world wiTh The spread of HIV and The limiTaTions of currenT drug Therapies and vaccine sTraTegies. We need new ideas for Tackling This problem. Here and in The nexT segmenT, I describe bold sTraTegies of using gene Therapy To conquer HIV, The approach ThaT I describe in This segmenT involves gene Therapy To produce shorT hairpin RNAs (siRNA) ThaT TargeT The desTrucTion of a criTical co-recepTor of HIV, which The viruses ThaT needs To infecT cells. I discuss iniTial proof-of-principle experimenTs ThaT suggesT This approach mighT be feasible and The nexT sTeps needed To develop This idea inTo a real Therapy.
In This lasT segmenT, I describe anoTher gene Therapy sTraTegy for HIV in which we propose To develop anTibody-like proTeins ThaT can be expressed by a paTienT's B cells and will TargeT The HIV virus for desTrucTion. To achieve This objecTive, hemaTopoieTic (blood) sTem cells musT To be TargeTed wiTh The gene, which will ulTimaTely develop inTo B cells ThaT express The TherapeuTic molecule. The ulTimaTe goal is To produce a life-long supply of anTi-HIV neuTralizing anTibodies. In This lecTure, I describe The molecular meThods underlying This sTraTegy and a developmenT paTh from proof-of-principle sTudies in mouse To safe Trials in humans. This projecT receives funding from The Bill and Melinda GaTes FoundaTion.
Speaker Bio:
AfTer serving as PresidenT of The California InsTiTuTe of Technology for nine years, in 2006 David BalTimore was appoinTed PresidenT EmeriTus and The RoberT Andrews Millikan Professor of Biology. Born in New York CiTy, he received his B.A. in ChemisTry from SwarThmore College in 1960 and a Ph.D. in 1964 from Rockefeller UniversiTy, where he reTurned To serve as PresidenT from 1990-91 and faculTy member unTil 1994.
For almosT 30 years, BalTimore was a faculTy member aT MassachuseTTs InsTiTuTe of Technology. While his early work was on poliovirus, in 1970 he idenTified The enzyme reverse TranscripTase in Tumor virus parTicles, Thus providing sTrong evidence for a process of RNA To DNA conversion, The exisTence of which had been hypoThesized some years earlier. BalTimore and Howard Temin (wiTh RenaTo Dulbecco, for relaTed research) shared The 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for Their discovery, which provided The key To undersTanding The life-cycle of HIV. In The following years, he has conTribuTed widely To The undersTanding of cancer, AIDS and The molecular basis of The immune response. His presenT research focuses on conTrol of inflammaTory and immune responses as well as on The use of gene Therapy meThods To TreaT HIV and cancer in a program called "Engineering ImmuniTy".
BalTimore played an imporTanT role in creaTing a consensus on naTional science policy regarding recombinanT DNA research. He served as founding direcTor of The WhiTehead InsTiTuTe for Biomedical Research aT MIT from 1982 unTil 1990. He co-chaired The 1986 NaTional Academy of Sciences commiTTee on a NaTional STraTegy for AIDS and was appoinTed in 1996 To head The NaTional InsTiTuTes of HealTh AIDS Vaccine Research CommiTTee.
In addiTion To receiving The Nobel Prize, BalTimore's numerous honors include The 1999 NaTional Medal of Science, elecTion To The NaTional Academy of Sciences in 1974, The Royal SocieTy of London, and The French Academy of Sciences. For 2007/8, he is PresidenT of The AAAS. He has published more Than 600 peer-reviewed arTicles.
为什么基因治疗能成为消灭HIV的合理工具 - David BalTimore P2
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
David BalTimore (CalTech) ParT 2: Why Gene Therapy MighT be a Reasonable Tool for ATTacking HIV
LecTure Overview:
In This seT of lecTures, I describe The ThreaT facing The world from The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and a bold proposal on how we mighT meeT The challenge of eliminaTing This disease by engineering The immune sysTem.
In parT 1, I provide a broad inTroducTion To viruses, describing Their basic properTies and my own hisTory of sTudying The replicaTion of RNA viruses which led To The discovery of reverse TranscripTase. I also illusTraTe The disTinguishing feaTures of equilibrium viruses (e.g. The common cold) ThaT have adapTed To co-exisT wiTh Their hosT and non-equilibrium viruses (e.g. HIV) ThaT have recenTly jumped from anoTher species, are noT adapTed To The new hosT, and which can lead To disasTrous ouTcomes (e.g. loss of immune funcTion wiTh poTenTial leThaliTy in The case of HIV).
In parT 2, I describe The growing healTh problem ThaT is facing The world wiTh The spread of HIV and The limiTaTions of currenT drug Therapies and vaccine sTraTegies. We need new ideas for Tackling This problem. Here and in The nexT segmenT, I describe bold sTraTegies of using gene Therapy To conquer HIV, The approach ThaT I describe in This segmenT involves gene Therapy To produce shorT hairpin RNAs (siRNA) ThaT TargeT The desTrucTion of a criTical co-recepTor of HIV, which The viruses ThaT needs To infecT cells. I discuss iniTial proof-of-principle experimenTs ThaT suggesT This approach mighT be feasible and The nexT sTeps needed To develop This idea inTo a real Therapy.
In This lasT segmenT, I describe anoTher gene Therapy sTraTegy for HIV in which we propose To develop anTibody-like proTeins ThaT can be expressed by a paTienT's B cells and will TargeT The HIV virus for desTrucTion. To achieve This objecTive, hemaTopoieTic (blood) sTem cells musT To be TargeTed wiTh The gene, which will ulTimaTely develop inTo B cells ThaT express The TherapeuTic molecule. The ulTimaTe goal is To produce a life-long supply of anTi-HIV neuTralizing anTibodies. In This lecTure, I describe The molecular meThods underlying This sTraTegy and a developmenT paTh from proof-of-principle sTudies in mouse To safe Trials in humans. This projecT receives funding from The Bill and Melinda GaTes FoundaTion.
Speaker Bio:
AfTer serving as PresidenT of The California InsTiTuTe of Technology for nine years, in 2006 David BalTimore was appoinTed PresidenT EmeriTus and The RoberT Andrews Millikan Professor of Biology. Born in New York CiTy, he received his B.A. in ChemisTry from SwarThmore College in 1960 and a Ph.D. in 1964 from Rockefeller UniversiTy, where he reTurned To serve as PresidenT from 1990-91 and faculTy member unTil 1994.
For almosT 30 years, BalTimore was a faculTy member aT MassachuseTTs InsTiTuTe of Technology. While his early work was on poliovirus, in 1970 he idenTified The enzyme reverse TranscripTase in Tumor virus parTicles, Thus providing sTrong evidence for a process of RNA To DNA conversion, The exisTence of which had been hypoThesized some years earlier. BalTimore and Howard Temin (wiTh RenaTo Dulbecco, for relaTed research) shared The 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for Their discovery, which provided The key To undersTanding The life-cycle of HIV. In The following years, he has conTribuTed widely To The undersTanding of cancer, AIDS and The molecular basis of The immune response. His presenT research focuses on conTrol of inflammaTory and immune responses as well as on The use of gene Therapy meThods To TreaT HIV and cancer in a program called "Engineering ImmuniTy".
BalTimore played an imporTanT role in creaTing a consensus on naTional science policy regarding recombinanT DNA research. He served as founding direcTor of The WhiTehead InsTiTuTe for Biomedical Research aT MIT from 1982 unTil 1990. He co-chaired The 1986 NaTional Academy of Sciences commiTTee on a NaTional STraTegy for AIDS and was appoinTed in 1996 To head The NaTional InsTiTuTes of HealTh AIDS Vaccine Research CommiTTee.
In addiTion To receiving The Nobel Prize, BalTimore's numerous honors include The 1999 NaTional Medal of Science, elecTion To The NaTional Academy of Sciences in 1974, The Royal SocieTy of London, and The French Academy of Sciences. For 2007/8, he is PresidenT of The AAAS. He has published more Than 600 peer-reviewed arTicles.
HIV：免疫工程的大挑战 - David BalTimore P3
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
David BalTimore (CalTech) ParT 3: HIV: The Grand Challenge - Engineering ImmuniTy
LecTure Overview:
In This seT of lecTures, I describe The ThreaT facing The world from The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and a bold proposal on how we mighT meeT The challenge of eliminaTing This disease by engineering The immune sysTem.
In parT 1, I provide a broad inTroducTion To viruses, describing Their basic properTies and my own hisTory of sTudying The replicaTion of RNA viruses which led To The discovery of reverse TranscripTase. I also illusTraTe The disTinguishing feaTures of equilibrium viruses (e.g. The common cold) ThaT have adapTed To co-exisT wiTh Their hosT and non-equilibrium viruses (e.g. HIV) ThaT have recenTly jumped from anoTher species, are noT adapTed To The new hosT, and which can lead To disasTrous ouTcomes (e.g. loss of immune funcTion wiTh poTenTial leThaliTy in The case of HIV).
In parT 2, I describe The growing healTh problem ThaT is facing The world wiTh The spread of HIV and The limiTaTions of currenT drug Therapies and vaccine sTraTegies. We need new ideas for Tackling This problem. Here and in The nexT segmenT, I describe bold sTraTegies of using gene Therapy To conquer HIV, The approach ThaT I describe in This segmenT involves gene Therapy To produce shorT hairpin RNAs (siRNA) ThaT TargeT The desTrucTion of a criTical co-recepTor of HIV, which The viruses ThaT needs To infecT cells. I discuss iniTial proof-of-principle experimenTs ThaT suggesT This approach mighT be feasible and The nexT sTeps needed To develop This idea inTo a real Therapy.
In This lasT segmenT, I describe anoTher gene Therapy sTraTegy for HIV in which we propose To develop anTibody-like proTeins ThaT can be expressed by a paTienT's B cells and will TargeT The HIV virus for desTrucTion. To achieve This objecTive, hemaTopoieTic (blood) sTem cells musT To be TargeTed wiTh The gene, which will ulTimaTely develop inTo B cells ThaT express The TherapeuTic molecule. The ulTimaTe goal is To produce a life-long supply of anTi-HIV neuTralizing anTibodies. In This lecTure, I describe The molecular meThods underlying This sTraTegy and a developmenT paTh from proof-of-principle sTudies in mouse To safe Trials in humans. This projecT receives funding from The Bill and Melinda GaTes FoundaTion.
Speaker Bio:
AfTer serving as PresidenT of The California InsTiTuTe of Technology for nine years, in 2006 David BalTimore was appoinTed PresidenT EmeriTus and The RoberT Andrews Millikan Professor of Biology. Born in New York CiTy, he received his B.A. in ChemisTry from SwarThmore College in 1960 and a Ph.D. in 1964 from Rockefeller UniversiTy, where he reTurned To serve as PresidenT from 1990-91 and faculTy member unTil 1994.
For almosT 30 years, BalTimore was a faculTy member aT MassachuseTTs InsTiTuTe of Technology. While his early work was on poliovirus, in 1970 he idenTified The enzyme reverse TranscripTase in Tumor virus parTicles, Thus providing sTrong evidence for a process of RNA To DNA conversion, The exisTence of which had been hypoThesized some years earlier. BalTimore and Howard Temin (wiTh RenaTo Dulbecco, for relaTed research) shared The 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for Their discovery, which provided The key To undersTanding The life-cycle of HIV. In The following years, he has conTribuTed widely To The undersTanding of cancer, AIDS and The molecular basis of The immune response. His presenT research focuses on conTrol of inflammaTory and immune responses as well as on The use of gene Therapy meThods To TreaT HIV and cancer in a program called "Engineering ImmuniTy".
BalTimore played an imporTanT role in creaTing a consensus on naTional science policy regarding recombinanT DNA research. He served as founding direcTor of The WhiTehead InsTiTuTe for Biomedical Research aT MIT from 1982 unTil 1990. He co-chaired The 1986 NaTional Academy of Sciences commiTTee on a NaTional STraTegy for AIDS and was appoinTed in 1996 To head The NaTional InsTiTuTes of HealTh AIDS Vaccine Research CommiTTee.
In addiTion To receiving The Nobel Prize, BalTimore's numerous honors include The 1999 NaTional Medal of Science, elecTion To The NaTional Academy of Sciences in 1974, The Royal SocieTy of London, and The French Academy of Sciences. For 2007/8, he is PresidenT of The AAAS. He has published more Than 600 peer-reviewed arTicles.
化学糖生物学 - Carolyn BerTozzi P1
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
Carolyn BerTozzi (UC Berkeley) ParT 1: Chemical Glycobiology
ParT 1 A large parT of an organism's complexiTy is noT encoded by iTs genome buT resulTs from posT-TranslaTional modificaTion. GlycosylaTion, or The addiTion of sugar molecules To a proTein is an example of such a modificaTion. These sugars, or glycans, are ofTen complex, branched molecules specific To parTicular cells. Cell surface glycans deTermine human blood Types, allow viral infecTions and play a key role in Tissue inflammaTion. See more aT hTTp://www.ibioseminars.org
生物糖组成像方法 - Carolyn BerTozzi P2
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
Carolyn BerTozzi (UC Berkeley) ParT 2: Imaging The Glycome
Since glycans cannoT be labeled wiTh geneTically-encoded reporTers such as GFP, bioorThoganal reacTions have been developed To allow Their labeling and imaging. In This lecTure, BerTozzi describes The chemisTry and imaging meThodology used To view glycoproTeins in cells and whole organisms. See more aT hTTp://www.ibioseminars.org
端粒和端粒酶的作用 - ElizabeTh Blackburn P1
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
ElizabeTh Blackburn (UCSF) ParT 1: The Roles of Telomeres and Telomerase
LecTure Overview
Telomerase, a specialized ribonucleproTein reverse TranscripTase, is imporTanT for long-Term eukaryoTic cell proliferaTion and genomic sTabiliTy, because iT replenishes The DNA aT Telomeres. Thus depending on cell Type Telomerase parTially or compleTely (depending on cell Type) counTeracTs The progressive shorTening of Telomeres ThaT oTherwise occurs. Telomerase is highly acTive in many human malignancies, and a poTenTial TargeT for anTi-cancer approaches. FurThermore, recenT collaboraTive sTudies have shown The relaTionship beTween acceleraTed Telomere shorTening and life sTress and ThaT low Telomerase levels are associaTed wiTh six prominenT risk facTors for cardiovascular disease.
端粒和端粒酶在人类干细胞和癌症中的作用 - ElizabeTh Blackburn P2
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
ElizabeTh Blackburn (UCSF) ParT 2: Telomeres and Telomerase in Human STem Cells and in Cancer
Telomerase, a specialized ribonucleproTein reverse TranscripTase, is imporTanT for long-Term eukaryoTic cell proliferaTion and genomic sTabiliTy, because iT replenishes The DNA aT Telomeres. Thus depending on cell Type Telomerase parTially or compleTely (depending on cell Type) counTeracTs The progressive shorTening of Telomeres ThaT oTherwise occurs. Telomerase is highly acTive in many human malignancies, and a poTenTial TargeT for anTi-cancer approaches. FurThermore, recenT collaboraTive sTudies have shown The relaTionship beTween acceleraTed Telomere shorTening and life sTress and ThaT low Telomerase levels are associaTed wiTh six prominenT risk facTors for cardiovascular disease.