
微生物学家王磊团队的创业基因

新世纪之初的天津海归教授,主持多项国家“863”计划课题的学者,获得国家杰出青年科学基金资助,世界微生物遗传与进化领域中活跃的科学家——王磊,感觉应该是个有“故事”的人。
更何况,他的名片上还印着三个头衔:天津市功能基因组与生物芯片研究中心主任、南开大学泰达生物技术学院院长、天津生物芯片技术有限责任公司总经理,“研究中心主任”、“学院院长”、“公司总经理”——“三位一体”,令人浮想。
中国科学院院士饶子和,著名生物学家,初任南开大学校长,坦言:履新之前并不十分知晓王磊的业绩。如此一说,学术界圈外对王磊知道更少。
面前的王磊,文质彬彬,低调、谦和。
国外学者有一条石油和知识的比较“定律”:石油使用的越多,剩下的就越少;相反,知识使用的越多,创造的知识就越多。
今天,王磊及其团队的最新发现,为这条“定律”提供了新的解释:知识的累积与创造,使可开采的石油增多成为可能。
目前全球探明储量的石油中,超过60%的部分采用现有技术无法开采,主要为黏度高、流动性差的重质石油(俗称“重油”)。大自然有种采油微生物,专门爱“吃”重油,王磊等人恰好破解了它的奥秘。
追求
永远走在前沿
《美国科学院院刊》最近刊登了王磊课题组的论文,完成了一株重要的采油微生物的全基因组破译,揭示了其遗传信息,首次发现重油代谢路径,对于微生物采油技术的革新具有重要意义。王磊团队的研究过程曾引起我国领导人(温家宝总理曾亲临该实验室视察,并有指示——注)的关注。
王磊说,这是人类第一次知道微生物降解重油的机理,我们已对其中的关键发现申请了国际专利保护。
尽管微生物采油技术已经问世30余年,但微生物怎样“吃”重油,是人们长期的困惑。
能“吃”重油的微生物,并不是将宝贵的石油资源喝掉,而是拥有降解重油的本领,可以用于处理石油污染,帮助开采石油。
上世纪90年代,南开大学教授刘如林等科研人员在天津大港油田发现了一种嗜热脱氮土壤芽孢杆菌,他们为它取名“NG80—2”。它在45至73摄氏度的条件下存活,能以原油为唯一的“食物”,具有独特的降解重油和产生表面活性剂的能力。
相关英文文献:
Published online before print March 19, 2007, 10.1073/pnas.0609650104
PNAS | March 27, 2007 | vol. 104 | no. 13 | 5602-5607
Genome and proteome of long-chain alkane degrading Geobacillus thermodenitrificans NG80-2 isolated from a deep-subsurface oil reservoir
Lu Feng*,
,
, Wei Wang*,
,
, Jiansong Cheng*, Yi Ren*, Guang Zhao*, Chunxu Gao*, Yun Tang*, Xueqian Liu*, Weiqing Han*, Xia Peng*,
,
, Rulin Liu
,
, and Lei Wang*,
,
,
,¶
*TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology and
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, China;
Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochip, 23 Hongda Street, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, China; and
College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
Edited by David M. Karl, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, and approved February 6, 2007 (received for review November 2, 2006)
The complete genome sequence of Geobacillus thermodenitrificans NG80-2, a thermophilic bacillus isolated from a deep oil reservoir in Northern China, consists of a 3,550,319-bp chromosome and a 57,693-bp plasmid. The genome reveals that NG80-2 is well equipped for adaptation into a wide variety of environmental niches, including oil reservoirs, by possessing genes for utilization of a broad range of energy sources, genes encoding various transporters for efficient nutrient uptake and detoxification, and genes for a flexible respiration system including an aerobic branch comprising five terminal oxidases and an anaerobic branch comprising a complete denitrification pathway for quick response to dissolved oxygen fluctuation. The identification of a nitrous oxide reductase gene has not been previously described in Gram-positive bacteria. The proteome further reveals the presence of a long-chain alkane degradation pathway; and the function of the key enzyme in the pathway, the long-chain alkane monooxygenase LadA, is confirmed by in vivo and in vitro experiments. The thermophilic soluble monomeric LadA is an ideal candidate for treatment of environmental oil pollutions and biosynthesis of complex molecules.
adaptation | degradation | monooxygenase
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