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This is a single cardiomyocyte isolated from the heart of a normal mouse which has been labeled with antibodies to two different proteins which are normally present in myofibrils. The alternating bands of tropomodulin (green) and alpha-actinin (red) show the dense packing of myofibril throughout the interior of the cell.

This is another single cardiomyocyte, but this cell was isolated from the heart of a transgenic mouse which overexpresses tropomodulin. Like the cell shown above, it has been labeled with antibodies to tropomodulin (green) and alpha-actinin (red). The normal alternating pattern of tropomodulin and alpha-actinin immunoreactivity has been disturbed. The yellow color indicates colocalization of both red and green labels (an abnormal distribution). Transgenic mice with this level of tropomodulin overexpression suffer from cardiomyopathy, and our ongoing studies are directed at understanding the mechanism of cardiac failure in these mice

This cardiomyocyte has been stained with three different labels to show sarcomeric structure. The colors shown represent tropomodulin (blue), alpha-actinin (red), and actin filaments (green). Both tropomodulin and alpha-actinin were labeled with antibodies, whereas actin filaments were labeled with fluorescent-tagged phalloidin.

Another triple labeled cardiomyocyte as described above