Reference: AJSP 2001;25:587, AJSP 2001;25:1290
CD58
Aka LFA-3 (lymphocyte function associated antigen); ligand for CD2
Mediates adhesion between NK and target cells, antigen presenting cells and T cells, thymocytes and thymic epithelial cells
Positive staining (normal): leukocytes, erythrocytes, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts
CD59
Aka protectin
Regulates complement mediated cell lysis by inhibiting formation of membrane attack complex (MAC)
Genetic defects that cause a reduction or loss of both CD59 and CD55 on erythrocytes produce paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
Incorporated into HIV envelope, protects virus and HIV infected cells against complement deposition
Expression on erythrocytes important for their survival
Positive staining (normal): most cells
CDw60
Antibodies provide costimulatory/comitogenic signals for T cells
Expressed on most T cells in autoimmune lesions
Positive staining (normal): platelets, T subset, thymic epithelium, activated keratinocytes, synovial fibroblasts, glomeruli, smooth muscle cells, astrocytes
CD60a
GD3 - carbohydrate structure
CD60b
9-O-acetyl-GD3 - carbohydrate structure
CD60c
7-O-acetyl-GD3 - carbohydrate structure
CD61
Aka platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
Receptor for fibrinogen, fibronectin, prothrombin, thrombospondin, vitronectin, plasminogen
Mediates platelet aggregation by binding soluble fibrinogen, forming platelet plug
Defects cause Glanzmann thrombasthenia, an autosomal recessive disorder and the most common inherited platelet disease
Positive staining (normal): platelets, megakaryocytes, myeloid progenitor cells, endothelial cells
Positive staining (disease): AML M7, AML M6 (some), blasts in transient myeloproliferative disorder
Negative staining: AML M0-M5, M6 (most)
Micro images: megakaryoctyes (figures C, D)
CD62E
Aka E selectin; endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1)
Ligand for sialyl-Lewis X
Mediates leukocyte rolling on activated endothelium at inflammatory sites, atherosclerosis, tumor cell adhesion during hematogenous metastasis
Patients with Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency 2 syndrome, who lack sialyl Lewis X component of selectin counter-receptors, suffer recurrent pyogenic infections
Positive staining (normal): endothelial cells (after cytokine stimulation)
CD62L
Aka L selectin; LECAM-1
Mediates lymphocyte homing to high endothelial venules of peripheral lymphoid tissue, leukocyte rolling on activated endothelium at inflammatory sites
Positive staining (normal): B, T, NK cells, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, precursors
Reference: 153240
CD62P
Aka P selectin; PADGEM
Interaction with CD162 mediates tethering and rolling of leukocytes on the surface of activated endothelial cells, the first step in leukocyte extravasation and migration
Mediates rolling of platelets on endothelial cells, platelet-mediated delivery of lymphocytes to high endothelial venules
Constitutive expression in inflammation may contribute to tissue destruction, atherogenesis and thrombosis
May be reduced in gray platelet syndrome, 139090
Redistributes to the plasma membrane during platelet activation and degranulation.
Positive staining (normal): platelets, megakaryocytes, activated endothelial cells
CD63
Aka lysosomal-membrane-associated glycoprotein 3, LAMP-3, melanoma associated antigen, NKI-C3
Intracellular lysosomal/endosomal/granule protein, in Weibel-Palade bodies of vascular endothelium
Marker of platelet activation (transported to surface after activation)
Associated with early stages of melanoma progression
Positive staining (normal): activated platelets, macrophages, fibroblasts, osteoclasts, endothelium, smooth muscle, neural tissue (brain white matter and peripheral nerves), synovial lining cells
Positive staining (tumors): melanoma
CD64
Aka Fc gamma RI High affinity receptor binds to Fc region of IgG
Important in phagocytosis via receptor-mediated endocytosis of IgG-antigen complexes
Mediates antigen capture for presentation to T cells, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, release of cytokines and reactive oxygen intermediates
Positive staining (normal): Macrophages/monocytes, activated granulocytes, dendritic cells, early myeloid cells
Positive staining (disease): AML M0-M2 (variable); M3 (usually); M4, M5
Negative staining: AML M7
CD65
Aka VIM2, ceramide-dodecasaccharide
Adhesive molecule that appears to be significant risk factor for extravascular AML infiltration
Positive staining (normal): myeloid cells, monocytes
CD65s
Widely used for acute leukemia cell typing and to identify a subset of pre-pre-B ALL
Aka sialylated-CD65
May inhibit phagocytosis
Positive staining (normal): granulocytes, monocytes
Positive staining (disease): myeloid leukemia cells
CD66a
Aka CEACAM1, biliary glycoprotein, BGP, C-CAM
Primordial protein of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family
Cell adhesion molecule capable of activating neutrophils; may regulate CD11/CD18 activity
Receptor for Neisseria gonorrhea and N. meningitidis
Downregulated in colorectal, endometrial and hepatocellular carcinomas; supplementation may cause tumor regression in vitro or in rodents
Downregulated in Gleason grade 4/5 prostate carcinoma, Hum Path 2002;33:290
Positive staining (normal): granulocytes, epithelial cells, prostate glands and ducts (dense), bile canaliculi between liver cells
Positive staining (disease): low grade prostatic carcinoma
Negative staining: prostate carcinoma, Gleason grade 4/5
Micro images (Hum Path subscribers): Prostate: A-normal, B-Gleason grade 3, C-Gleason grade 4, normal liver (figure F)
CD66b
Aka CEA gene member 6; formerly CD67
Capable of activating neutrophils; may regulate CD11/CD18 adhesion activity
Positive staining (normal): granulocytes
Positive staining (disease): chronic myelogenous leukemia
CD66c
Aka noncross reactive antigen (NCA)
Capable of activating neutrophils; may regulate CD11/CD18 adhesion activity
Positive staining (normal): granulocytes
CD66d
Capable of activating neutrophils and functions as a receptor for Neisseria gonorrhea and N. meningitidis
May play a signaling role and regulate adhesion activity of CD11/CD18 in neutrophils
Positive staining (normal): granulocytes
CD66e
Aka CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen
May play a role in the process of metastasis of cancer cells
Serum marker of tumor burden, relapse
Removed by hepatic Kupffer cells via a specific receptor.
Uses: 85% sensitive, 96% specific for lung adenocarcinomas vs. mesotheliomas; diffuse cylasmic staining with membrane enhancement
Positive staining (normal): biliary tract, colon (fetal), epithelial cells (apical surfaces), GI adenocarcinomas (endodermally derived), granulocytes, small intestinal crypts; small intestinal goblet cell mucin (not intracylasmic)
Positive staining (tumors): colonic and lung adenocarcinoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma
Variable staining: breast carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma
Negative staining: hepatocellular carcinoma, mesothelioma, ovarian carcinoma, prostate adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma other than medullary
CD66f
Aka pregnancy-specific glycoprotein
May be involved in immune regulation, protection of fetus from maternal immune system
Low levels in maternal blood predict spontaneous abortion
Positive staining (normal): syncytiotrophoblasts, fetal liver, myeloid cell lines
Reference: 176390
CD67
Recognizes non-specific cross-reactive antigens present on granulocytes
May have role in neutrophil activation
CD68
Aka KP-1
May have role in macrophage phagocytic activities
Specific to lysosomes, not cell lineage
Positive staining (normal): macrophage/monocytes, basophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, myeloid cells, CD34+ progenitor cells, neutrophils, osteoclasts, activated platelets, B and T cells
Positive staining (tumors): AML-M4/M5, angiosarcoma (granular cell type), B cell lymphoma (some), giant cell angioblastoma, granular cell tumors, hairy cell leukemia, histiocytic sarcoma, interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma (AJSP 2002;26:530), Langerhans cell histiocytosis, mastocytosis, mast cell disease (also positive for tryptase, CD43, CD117), melanoma (some)
Micro images: multinucleated giant cell in thyroid gland giant cell granuloma (figure C), plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor, Rosai-Dorfman disease#1, #2-figure D
Micro images (AJSP subscribers): histiocytic lymphoma (figure A), histiocytic sarcoma (figure A), giant cell angioblastoma #1 (figure 5D), #2 (figure 6D)
Micro images (Mod Path subscribers): Kupffer cells in normal liver, Kupffer cells in severe non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (figure B)
Reference: AJSP 2001;25:1372, AJSP 2003;27:258, Mod Path 2002;15:699
CD69
Aka activation inducer molecule (AIM), early activation antigen (EA-1)
