benefit ourselves but harm the interests of the state.
　　(1985年考研题)
　　注：1)如果谓语动词是单个实义动词，倒装时需根据人称和时态加助动词do。如：
　　Little did we expect that he would fulfill his task so rapidly.
　　（1983年考研题）
　　2）考生要广义理解“句首”的概念，注意从句的句首和并列分句的句首均为句首。如：
　　Suddenly, Gallup’s name was on everyone’s lips; not only was he the prophet of the moment, but it was generally believed that he had founded a new and most important method of prediction.
　　2．以only修饰状语（副词，介词短语，状语从句）开头的句子，句子的主谓要部分倒装：
　　only then, only at that time, only once, only in this way, only with, only through, only by, only when, only after, only because。如：
　　Only when you have obtained sufficient data come to a sound conclusion.
　　[A]can you [B]would you [C]you will [D]you can
　　3．以下列副词或短语开头的句子，句子的主谓要部分倒装：
　　often, so, well, to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes, to such a point, many a time。如：
　　So involved with their computers that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.
　　[A]became the children [B]become the children
　　[C]had the children become [D]do the children become
　　(2001年考研题，答案为D)
　　4．比较从句的倒装：
　　as, than引导的比较从句中，如果主语是名词短语且较长，经常采用倒装结构（不倒装也可以）。注意：这种结构主语一般为名词，如果是代词则不倒装。如：
　　Hydrogen burns much more cleanly than do other fuels and is easy to produce.
　　Today’s electuic cars cannot go as fast as gasoline-driven vehicles because the battery does not offer the same amount of energy as does gasoline combustion.
　　Reading is to the mind as is exercise to the body.
　　5．用于前面所说的情况也适用于另一人（物）的肯定句或否定句中的倒装
　　1） 肯定重复倒装用：so
　　They have got up, and so has jack
　　2) 否定重复倒装用：nor, neither, no more
　　If you don’t agree to our plan, neither will they
　　6．“not only..but also”结构时，如果not only 放在句首，则前半句but (also)句子后面不倒装
　　Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to being broke.
　　三． 特殊的倒装结构
　　特殊形式的倒装结构是指句子虽然是倒装结构，但不是主谓倒装，而往往是出于强调的需要，把强调部分移到句首，而其它部分顺序不需要改变，句子主谓不需要倒装。出现这样的情况有以下几种可能：
　　1．让步从句的倒装。
　　1）as引导让步状语从句，必须采用倒装结构，但不是主谓倒装，而是将被强调的内容置于句首。如：
　　Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her, in thoroughness, whatever the job.
　　Brave as they are, they are afraid of fight
　　2）．出现在句型be+主语+其他，come what may中。如：
　　While it’s true that we all need a career, preferably a profitable one, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge—be it scientific or artistic.
　　The business of each day selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
　　[A] it being [B] be it [C] was it [D] it was (答案为B)
　　3) no matter how (who…);however引导的让步状语从句必须采用倒装结构，但不是主谓倒装，而是将被强调的内容置于句首。如：
　　No matter how busy he is , he has to attend the meeting
　　However cold it is , he always goes swimming.

　　语法测试

　　--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

　　1. She said that she __ much progress since she came here.
　　A. makes B. made C. have made D had made
　　2. “What’s the matter, Ali? You look sad."
　　“Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I my friends back home."
　　A. just thought B. have just been thinking
　　C. was just thinking D. have just thought
　　3. She on this essay for twenty minutes but she has written only about a hundred words.
　　A. will be working B. worked
　　C. has been working D. will have worked
　　4. The committee will not make the decision until it the matter.
　　A. has investigated B. investigates
　　C. will have investigated D. investigated
　　5. Carey didn"t go to the party last night because she the baby for her sister until 9:30.
　　A. must have looked after B. would have to look after
　　C. had to look after D. should have looked after
　　6. four years since John left school.
　　A. They have been B. It is C. It was D. Those are
　　7.The car at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mo

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