参考译文
几乎人类的主要问题都与人类的行为有关，不可能只通过物理和生物技术来解决。所需的解决方法是行为技术，但是要从这样的技术研发这门行为科学，人类的行动一直迟缓。(1)难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。物理学和生物学曾一度使用了同样的做法；只有抛弃了这些做法，这两门学科才能取得进步。(2) 行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。毫无置疑，环境是重要的，但其作用是模糊的。环境既不排斥也不吸引，而是选择。这一功能很难发现和加以分析。(3) 自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。某些结果曾一度被归因于思想、情感和性格特征的影响，但随着有机物与环境的相互作用逐步得以了解，这些结果正在被认为是由于可以接近的环境造成。行为技术因此应运而生了。但是，直到它代替了先前的科学观念才能解决人类的问题。可要改变这些观念并不容易，自由和尊严说明了这一困难。(4) 自由和尊严(它们)是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。科学的分析把责任和成绩都归于环境，同时对有关的“价值观”提出了质疑：技术使用者是谁和使用的目的是什么。(5) (如果)这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的唯一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。
Exercise (选自于2001年考研英语英译汉真题。)
In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.
(1) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. (2) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with inbuilt personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smelltelevision, and digital age will have arrived.
According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1,000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.
(3) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.
Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computerhuman links.“By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,”he says. (4) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of manmachine integration:“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”
Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when fasterthanlight travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the druids, (5) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder ——kitchen rage.
参考译文
“星球旅行”太空平台再过不到30年将成为现实。大脑神经系统与计算机的直接连接也将创造出全方位感官上的虚拟环境，使得虚拟度假和电影“多面回想”中的度假一模一样。
(1) 届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标(违规)，监控器就会使其停驶。(2) 儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，届时
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