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生物谷 生物研究 基础生物学进展 禽流感SARS等传染病 正文
华裔王林发博士发现新病毒可致人类患SARS
生物谷报道：据澳大利亚《星岛日报》报道，一组澳洲科学家在病毒研究方面再有举世瞩目的新发现。
来自维省智朗(GEELONG)澳洲科学院(CSIRO)的高级首席科学家王林发博士(LINFA WANG)与11名研究员于较早前发现一种存在蝙蝠体内的新病毒，它能导致人类感染严重急性呼吸道症候群(SARS)。
据王林发博士指出，被发现的新病毒名为马六甲(MELAKA)，“目前我们仍未有证据证实马六甲病毒属致命性，但证实它会导致如SARS的严重呼吸道疾病。”
2002年11月至2003年7月期间，全球多个国家宣布发现SARS患者，合共病例超过8000宗。
王博士称，这种马六甲病毒与尼尔森湾(NELSON BAY)呼吸道肠道孤儿病毒(REOVIRUSES)很相近，1968年新省一只蝙蝠受感染而被隔离。
人类曾于20世纪50年代初期感染呼吸道肠道孤儿病毒而需隔离，但研究资料显示，该病毒与其它疾病并无关联。至于马六甲病毒的患者则会出现发烧、头痛、肌肉持续性疼痛病征，患病儿童更会出现呕吐和腹泻。
王博士称，截至目前，只有一个来自马来西亚的家庭感染马六甲病毒，他们经治疗后已康复。他表示，这家人事前曾与一只蝙蝠接触。在马来西亚，家家户户都大开门窗，当日晚上，这家人在家看电视时，突然有只蝙蝠误飞入屋，发狂地在室内乱飞两至三分钟后离开，大约一周后，该名父亲开始发病，又过了大概一周，5名孩子当中两人亦出现严重感冒的病征。
王博士称，最初当地卫生局还以为这家人接触到带有SARS病毒的禽鸟，但经雪兰莪SELANGOR实验室化验后，证实不是SARS，当地政府遂邀请位于智朗的澳洲科学院科学家研究该病毒。
王林发博士介绍说，澳洲亦曾出现过与马来西亚类似的蝙蝠，虽然两品种并不相同。“我们目前希望找出这种病毒是怎样广传于蝙蝠群，以及当这病毒落在不同生物上对健康构成的威胁。”他建议市民应避免直接接触蝙蝠。而《美国国家科学院院刊》（PNAS）的网页亦于6月26日刊登有关研究报告（10.1073/pnas.0701372104 ）。
王林发博士简介
王林发博士，原籍中国上海，于1982年在华东师大生物系毕业后，到美国加州大学留学，1986年获取分子生物学博士学位，并留在该大学从事博士后研究两年。1989年到墨尔本，曾在蒙纳殊(MONASH)大学任教一年半，由1990年起转到澳洲科学院工作，现任高级首席科学家。
过去10年，王林发博士在新生病毒研究方面取得了世界瞩目的成就，尤其在SARS病毒方面的研究，更处于世界领先地位，他与中国科学院合作，共同发现SARS病毒起源于蝙蝠，为预防未来SARS爆发奠定了重要的科学基础。
此外，2003年6月，王应世界卫生组织(WHO)的全球SARS大会邀请发言，他亦是世卫SARS科研顾问委员会成员。同年8月，他以世卫专家成员身份到中国广东进行“SARS病毒宿源”的考察研究。（引自中新网）
原始出处:
Published online before print June 25, 2007
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 10.1073/pnas.0701372104
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
A previously unknown reovirus of bat origin is associated with an acute respiratory disease in humans
( respiratory infection | zoonosis | human-to-human transmission | orthoreovirus | Pulau virus )
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*National Public Health Laboratory, Selangor 4700, Malaysia; and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory and Australian Biosecurity Cooperative Research Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
Edited by Robert A. Lamb, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, and approved May 14, 2007 (received for review February 13, 2007)
Abstract
Respiratory infections constitute the most widespread human infectious disease, and a substantial proportion of them are caused by unknown etiological agents. Reoviruses (respiratory enteric orphan viruses) were first isolated from humans in the early 1950s and so named because they were not associated with any known disease. Here, we report a previously unknown reovirus (named "Melaka virus") isolated from a 39-year-old male patient in Melaka, Malaysia, who was suffering from high fever and acute respiratory disease at the time of virus isolation. Two of his family members developed similar symptoms 
1 week later and had serological evidence of infection with the same virus. Epidemiological tracing revealed that the family was exposed to a bat in the house 1 week before the onset of the father's clinical symptoms. Genome sequence analysis indicated a close genetic relationship between Melaka virus and Pulau virus, a reovirus isolated in 1999 from fruit bats in Tioman Island, Malaysia. Screening of sera collected from human volunteers on the island revealed that 14 of 109 (13%) were positive for both Pulau and Melaka viruses. This is the first report of an orthoreovirus in association with acute human respiratory diseases. Melaka virus is serologically not related to the different types of mammalian reoviruses that were known to infect humans asymptomatically. These data indicate that bat-borne reoviruses can be transmitted to and cause clinical diseases in humans.
Fig. 1. Syncytia formation in MelV-infected MDCK cells. (A) Mock-infected.
(B) MelV-infected. Two types of syncytial cells were observed: cells still attached
to culture flask surface (filled arrows) and cells detaching from the
surface (open arrows).
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