一荣俱荣，一损俱损
植物和它们的授粉者及种子扩散者形成相互依赖的复杂网络。这些网络具有强烈影响生物多样性维护的一个明确架构。Rezende等人利用一种系统发生学方法发现，植物和动物过去的演化历史部分可以解释该网络的模式。在系统发生学上接近的物种倾向于在该网络中扮演相似的角色。于是，在一个物种灭绝后发生的一系列共同灭绝现象会影响在分类上相关的物种，导致演化树发生一种非随机的修剪。从物种保护角度来讲，这意味着共同灭绝系列事件会在相关物种之间扩散，进一步加快分类多样性的损失速度。
英文原文：
Nature 448, 925-928 (23 August 2007) | doi:10.1038/nature05956; Received 19 March 2007; Accepted 25 May 2007
Non-random coextinctions in phylogenetically structured mutualistic networks
Enrico L. Rezende1, Jessica E. Lavabre1, Paulo R. Guimarães1,2, Pedro Jordano1 & Jordi Bascompte1
Correspondence to: Jordi Bascompte1 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to J.B. (Email: bascompte@ebd.csic.es).
The interactions between plants and their animal pollinators and seed dispersers have moulded much of Earth's biodiversity1, 2, 3. Recently, it has been shown that these mutually beneficial interactions form complex networks with a well-defined architecture that may contribute to biodiversity persistence4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Little is known, however, about which ecological and evolutionary processes generate these network patterns3, 9. Here we use phylogenetic methods10, 11 to show that the phylogenetic relationships of species predict the number of interactions they exhibit in more than one-third of the networks, and the identity of the species with which they interact in about half of the networks. As a consequence of the phylogenetic effects on interaction patterns, simulated extinction events tend to trigger coextinction cascades of related species. This results in a non-random pruning of the evolutionary tree12, 13 and a more pronounced loss of taxonomic diversity than expected in the absence of a phylogenetic signal. Our results emphasize how the simultaneous consideration of phylogenetic information and network architecture can contribute to our understanding of the structure and fate of species-rich communities.
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