利用人类肠道细菌移植给老鼠来研究代谢系统
生物谷报道：人类的肠道微生物在代谢过程中起着非常重要的作用，而科学家最近将它们移植给老鼠，以更好的了解人类和其它动物的代谢系统。研究结果发表在《Molecular Systems Biology》上。
肠道微生物生活在各种动物体内。而此项研究主要分析它们在身体吸收脂肪和消化纤维，以及新陈代谢路径中起到的作用。小组成员来自英国帝国学院和瑞士Nestle研究中心。他们发现通过影响胆汁分泌，这些微生物就可以影响脂肪的吸收和代谢。胆汁是肝脏分泌的用于在肠道上部乳化脂肪的消化液，肠道微生物就是作用于这一乳化过程。
同时胆汁还是影响在肝脏中脂肪变化的激素调节物质，因此肠道微生物对胆汁的影响还会作用于这一内部过程。某些微生物能消化食物中的纤维，因此这些微生物一旦变得很有效率，我们就可以从食物中获取更多的能量。
不同的人群体内生活着不同的肠道微生物，最近研究发现这些微生物的异常可能和某些疾病有关，例如糖尿病、肥胖等。因此科学家相信将这些人类肠道细菌移植给老鼠将帮助我们更好的了解它们的作用，无论是好的或坏的，进而帮助找到针对多种疾病的更好的治疗手段。
文章主要作者，来自帝国学院生物分子医学系得Jeremy Nicholson教授说：“人类体内存在大约1.5公斤的细菌——相当于肝脏重量，因此它们对于新陈代谢过程作用巨大。”
英文原文链接：http://www.physorg.com/news99059035.html
原始出处：
Subject Categories: Metabolic and regulatory networks | Molecular Biology of Disease
Molecular Systems Biology 3 Article number: 112 doi:10.1038/msb4100153
Published online: 22 May 2007
Citation: Molecular Systems Biology 3:112
A top-down systems biology view of microbiome-mammalian metabolic interactions in a mouse model
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François-Pierre J Martin1,2, Marc-Emmanuel Dumas1, Yulan Wang1, Cristina Legido-Quigley1, Ivan K S Yap1, Huiru Tang1,a, Séverine Zirah1,a, Gerard M Murphy1, Olivier Cloarec1, John C Lindon1, Norbert Sprenger2, Laurent B Fay2, Sunil Kochhar2, Peter van Bladeren2, Elaine Holmes1 & Jeremy K Nicholson1
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
Correspondence to: Jeremy K Nicholson1 Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK. Tel.: +44 20 7594 3195; Fax: +44 20 7594 3226; Email: j.nicholson@imperial.ac.uk
Received 5 February 2007; Accepted 14 March 2007; Published online 22 May 2007
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This license does not permit commercial exploitation or the creation of derivative works without specific permission.
aPresent address: State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China
aPresent address: Regulations, Development and Molecular Diversity, National Museum of Natural History, Paris 75005, France
Abstract
Symbiotic gut microorganisms (microbiome) interact closely with the mammalian host's metabolism and are important determinants of human health. Here, we decipher the complex metabolic effects of microbial manipulation, by comparing germfree mice colonized by a human baby flora (HBF) or a normal flora to conventional mice. We perform parallel microbiological profiling, metabolic profiling by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance of liver, plasma, urine and ileal flushes, and targeted profiling of bile acids by ultra performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and short-chain fatty acids in cecum by GC-FID. Top-down multivariate analysis of metabolic profiles reveals a significant association of specific metabotypes with the resident microbiome. We derive a transgenomic graph model showing that HBF flora has a remarkably simple microbiome/metabolome correlation network, impacting directly on the host's ability to metabolize lipids: HBF mice present higher ileal concentrations of tauro-conjugated bile acids, reduced plasma levels of lipoproteins but higher hepatic triglyceride content associated with depletion of glutathione. These data indicate that the microbiome modulates absorption, storage and the energy harvest from the diet at the systems level.
全文链接：http://www.nature.com/msb/journal/v3/n1/full/msb4100153.html
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