
Development:王晓晨—线虫基因unc-108在细胞凋亡中的作用
2008年2月6日,北京生命科学研究所王晓晨实验室在Development杂志在线发表题为“C. elegans Rab GTPase 2 is required for the degradation of apoptotic cells”的文章。
该文章报道了线虫中Rab-2 同源基因unc-108在凋亡细胞降解过程中的作用。
在细胞凋亡过程中,即将凋亡细胞会激活一种内源机制以促进快速死亡;然后,凋亡细胞会被临近细胞或专门的吞噬细胞识别并吞噬降解。目前,关于已被吞噬的凋亡细胞如何被降解的分子机制仍知之甚少。通过遗传学、分子生物学等实验方法王晓晨实验室在线虫中克隆得到了基因unc-108,它是人类基因Rab GTPase 2在线虫中的同源基因。研究首先发现该基因与凋亡细胞的降解过程有关。unc-108在吞噬细胞中表达并发挥功能,它主要影响凋亡细胞的降解而不是吞噬过程。他们还发现,与其他Rab GTPases 相类似,unc-108会影响细胞内吞作用,它主要是在从早期内含体到晚期内含体以及晚期内含体到溶酶体的转运过程中起作用。UNC-108 可与 RAB-5, RAB-7 和LMP-1 在吞噬小体上共定位,从而,研究人员推断它可能通过介导吞噬小体的成熟来促进凋亡细胞的降解。
凋亡细胞的吞噬降解过程是整个细胞死亡程序中必不可少的一环,对死亡细胞清除的障碍会引起诸如哮喘、类风湿性关节炎和狼疮等炎症疾病和自身免疫紊乱。迄今为止,关于凋亡细胞的吞噬已经有大量的研究结果,但是对吞噬小体的形成和成熟以及凋亡细胞的降解过程仍不清楚。王晓晨实验室和Dr. Zheng Zhou 实验室(JCB 180, 2008)同时发现了线虫中调控凋亡细胞降解的首个新基因——unc-108。另外,有关RAB-2在细胞内吞或囊泡运输过程中的作用并不清楚,本文对其同源基因unc-108的研究表明,该蛋白的功能对内吞作用是必需的,而且很可能会影响胞质转运的多个步骤。最后,本文研究证实小鼠Rab2在凋亡细胞的清除过程中可以替代线虫UNC-108的功能,说明Rab蛋白是活体中清除凋亡细胞的潜在的调节因子,并且这一功能在哺乳动物中是保守的。
路群(在读博士),张燕(在读博士),胡天婧(技术员)三人为本文共同第一作者,郭鹏飞(在读博士),李维达(在读博士)也参与了此项工作,王晓晨博士为本文通讯作者。此项研究由科技部863计划和北京市科委资助,在北京生命科学研究所完成。(北京生命科学研究所)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Development 135, 1069-1080 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
C. elegans Rab GTPase 2 is required for the degradation of apoptotic cells
Qun Lu1,3,*, Yan Zhang2,3,*, Tianjing Hu3,*, Pengfei Guo3, Weida Li3 and Xiaochen Wang3,
1 College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.
2 Graduate Program in Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China.
3 National Institute of Biological Sciences, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China.
Author for correspondence (e-mail: wangxiaochen@nibs.ac.cn
)
Accepted 18 January 2008
During apoptosis, the dying cell activates an intrinsic mechanism that quickly dismantles itself. The apoptotic cell corpses are then recognized and removed by neighboring cells or professional phagocytes. How dying cells are degraded after internalization is poorly understood. Here, we report the identification and characterization of unc-108, the Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of the human Rab GTPase 2, as a novel component involved in the degradation of apoptotic cells. unc-108 is expressed and functions in the engulfing cells and is likely to affect the degradation rather than the internalization of cell corpses. Similar to other Rab GTPases, unc-108 also affects endocytosis, acting in the endosomal trafficking from early to late endosome and late endosome to lysosome. UNC-108 co-localizes with RAB-5, RAB-7 and LMP-1 to the phagosome and promotes cell corpse degradation, possibly by mediating phagosome maturation.
Key words: C. elegans, Apoptotic cell, Degradation, unc-108, Rab GTPase 2, Endocytosis, Phagosome
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