
体细胞核移植从成人卵母细胞中获得克隆人类胚胎成功
Figure 2. SCNT and Parthenogenetic Embryo Development
A1: Cumulus matrix-free human metaphase II oocytes.
A2: Enucleation pipette for aspiration of metaphase plate from human oocytes.
A3: UV fluorescence of human metaphase II oocyte stained with Hoechst 33342.
B1: Pronuclear formation (6-7 h post CI activation) in parthenogenetically activated human oocytes.
B2: Embryo cleavage following parthenogenetic activation (Day 3)
B3: Parthenogenetically activated (Coded reference K1) blastocyst (Day 5) from egg donor 3 (Coded
reference F1 and F2)
C1: Pronuclear formation (6-7 h post CI activation) following SCNT with an adult fibroblast AF1
(Coded reference B3 and B4).
C2: Pronuclear formation (6-7 h post CI activation) following SCNT with an adult fibroblast AF2
(Coded reference C5 and C6).
C3: Late Day 3 SCNT embryo following nuclear transfer with AF2 (Coded reference C5 and C6)
donor cell.
C4: Early Day 3 SCNT embryos following nuclear transfer with AF1 (Coded reference B3 and B4)
donor cells.
C5: Late Day 5 SCNT (Coded reference 8E) blastocyst following nuclear transfer with AF1 (Coded
reference B3 and B4) donor cell to an oocyte from egg donor 1 (Coded reference A1, A2).
C6: Early Day 6 SCNT (Coded reference K8) blastocyst following nuclear transfer with AF2 (Coded
reference C5 and C6) donor cells to oocytes from egg donor 3 (Coded reference F1, F2). Note with
attached cleavage arrested blastomere.
Images were captured with a DP70 Digital Camera attached to an Olympus IX71 reflected
fluorescence microscope fitted with relief contrast and Differential Interference Contrast optics. (Scale
Bar = 20 μm)
全文链接:http://stemcells.alphamedpress.org/cgi/reprint/2007-0252v1.pdf
名词解释:
1.体细胞核移植(克隆)
体细胞核移植(Somatic Cell nuclear transplantation)又称体细胞克隆,它是把分化程度较高的体细胞移入去核卵母细胞中
2.诱导多功能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cell,又称iPS细胞)
2007年11月,美国和日本的两个研究小组几乎同时宣布成功将人体皮肤细胞改造成了几乎可以和胚胎干细胞相媲美的多功能干细胞---“iPS细胞”,由于绕开了胚胎干细胞研究一直面临的伦理和法律等诸多障碍,科学界对这种细胞表现出强烈的兴趣,纷纷制订相关的研究计划。
日本放宽对诱导多功能干细胞研究限制
京都大学教授山中伸弥不久前造访了文部科学省,山中伸弥的研究小组成功将人体皮肤细胞改造成类似胚胎干细胞的iPS细胞。他在文部科学省指出,如果说有关限制是必要的话,那也仅限于培养精子和卵子的研究。文部科学省专门委员会接受了这个意见,并决定禁止对用iPS培养精子和卵子以及把有关受精卵植入子宫等行为的阻挠,而其他有关研究则应该享有更大的自由度。文部科学大臣渡海纪三朗表示,日本政府会在预算分配等方面给予iPS研究全面支持。
3.胚泡(blastocyst)
哺乳动物特有的囊胚。桑椹胚细胞继续分裂增生,卵裂细胞的分泌导致细胞团间出现裂隙,后扩大成囊腔,称胚泡腔或囊胚腔,腔内充满液体。细胞分为二部分,构成胚泡外壁的扁平细胞层,称滋养层(trophoblast),可以从母体吸取营养,此层将形成胎盘的一部分。另一部分细胞成团在胚泡腔的一侧附着在滋养层上,称内细胞团(inner cell mass),将要形成胚体和一部分胎膜,有些哺乳动物胚泡的内细胞团不太明显,而真兽亚纲哺乳动物的内细胞团和滋养层区分明显。在子宫腔内随子宫液渗入胚泡内的量增多,胚泡腔及胚泡继续增大。
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