
Cell子刊:解廷等揭示干细胞与其微环境之间的关系
生物谷报道:来自著名的美国密苏里州斯托瓦斯医学研究所(Stowers Institute for Medical Research,生物谷注),堪萨斯州大学医学院解剖学与细胞生物学系的研究人员对目前了解得很少的干细胞与其周遍细胞微环境niche之间的关系进行了描述,进一步揭示了干细胞的奥秘,这一研究成果公布在Cell Stem Cell杂志上。
领导这一研究的是斯托瓦斯医学研究所解廷(简介见后),第一作者为金制钢(Zhigang Jin,音译)和Daniel Kirilly。在07年6月,解廷等人利用果蝇卵巢生殖干细胞(germline stem cells,GSCs)作为研究模型,证明干细胞功能中年龄依赖性的下降和其niche在干细胞整个衰老过程中扮演着十分重要的角色,通过检测了干细胞衰老调控的三个因素,发现并证明衰老过程是受到外在和内在因素调控的。
同时在那篇研究中,研究人员也发现干细胞与niche之间的关联也起到一定作用:强的关联可以延长干细胞的寿命,而降低关联则会增加干细胞衰老。
而在最新的这篇稳文章中,解等人证明分化缺陷型果蝇卵巢生殖干细胞(germline stem cells,GSCs)——与人类癌症干细胞相似,能在niche中竞争“打败”正常干细胞,这主要是通过侵占GSCs的niche空间,并不断增加对黏附性分子E-cadherin的细胞应答,将正常干细胞推出niche。
而且研究小组还发现,突变GSC竞争也需要E-cadherin和正常GSC分裂,并且E-cadherin的不同表达水平可以刺激GSC竞争。
Jin表示,“我们认为这种干细胞竞争机制也许解释了为什么分化干细胞会被niche推挤”,“我们发现干细胞竞争就像一个质量控制体系,确保在niche里只有未分化的干细胞”。
解廷补充道,“这些发现为niche如何严格调控干细胞质量,以及癌症干细胞为了自我增殖如何侵入的新niche提供了重要的信息,而且这些发现也指出了一种将干细胞传递到靶向niche的新策略,这样能通过增加干细胞竞争长时间维持和产生功能性细胞。”
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Cell Stem Cell, Vol 2, 39-49, 10 January 2008
Article
Differentiation-Defective Stem Cells Outcompete Normal Stem Cells for Niche Occupancy in the Drosophila Ovary
1 Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
2 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
Corresponding author
Ting Xie
tgx@stowers-institute.org
Summary
Rapid progress has recently been made regarding how the niche controls stem cell function, but little is yet known about how stem cells in the same niche interact with one another. In this study, we show that differentiation-defective Drosophila ovarian germline stem cells (GSCs) can outcompete normal ones for niche occupancy in a cadherin-dependent manner. The differentiation-defective bam or bgcn mutant GSCs invade the niche space of neighboring wild-type GSCs and gradually push them out of the niche by upregulating E-cadherin expression. Furthermore, the bam/bgcn-mediated GSC competition requires E-cadherin and normal GSC division, but not the self-renewal-promoting BMP niche signal, while different E-cadherin levels can sufficiently stimulate GSC competition. Therefore, we propose that GSCs have a competitive relationship for niche occupancy, which may serve as a quality control mechanism to ensure that accidentally differentiated stem cells are rapidly removed from the niche and replaced by functional ones.
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