
Cell Stem Cell:解廷潘磊等—揭示干细胞衰老奥秘
来自著名的美国密苏里州斯托瓦斯医学研究所(Stowers Institute for Medical Research),中科院生物物理研究所传染病与免疫学中心,堪萨斯大学医学院,中西大学(Midwestern University)的研究人员揭示了干细胞衰老的奥秘,发表在最新出版的《细胞-干细胞》(Cell Stem Cell)杂志上。文章由中科院海外评审专家解廷(斯托瓦斯医学研究所)领导完成,第一作者是斯托瓦斯医学研究所与中科院生物物理研究所联合培养的博士生潘磊(Lei Pan,音译)。
目前普遍认为人类组织衰老与干细胞活性下降和数目减少有关,这些变化在许多譬如皮肤皱纹和器官功能下降等的衰老表现中起着重要的作用。
至今为止对于干细胞衰老调控的理解还比较少,但是解廷实验室已经证明了干细胞功能中年龄依赖性下降有关的特殊因素,以及这些因素的微环境:niche。
潘表示,“在这项研究中,我们利用果蝇卵巢生殖干细胞(germline stem cells,GSCs)作为研究模型,证明干细胞功能中年龄依赖性的下降和其niche在干细胞整个衰老过程中扮演着十分重要的角色”,“我们检测了干细胞衰老调控的三个因素,发现并证明衰老过程是受到外在和内在因素调控的”。
研究小组首先聚焦在一个称为骨形态发生蛋白(bone morphogenic protein,BMP)的蛋白家族——其在许多组织的发育过程中扮演着重要的角色,他们发现当niche微环境的BMP信号活性随着年龄下降的时候,干细胞增值的能力也会随之降低,干细胞数量也减少了。相反当BMP信号增加,干细胞的寿命以及增值能力也都有所提升。
研究人员也发现干细胞与niche之间的关联也起到一定作用:强的关联可以延长干细胞的寿命,而降低关联则会增加干细胞衰老。
这篇研究报告最后强调了GSCs或者niche中的一个酶(减少自由氧)的过量表达如何延长干细胞的寿命,以及增加干细胞增值的能力。解廷认为,“对成人组织中由于干细胞功能下降导致细胞损耗的长期无效替换也许是人类衰老的一个主要原因”,“如果我们能了解如何通过操纵干细胞和/或niche的功能,来减缓干细胞衰老,我们也许就能够减缓人类衰老,治疗年龄相关性的疾病”。
原始出处:
Cell Stem Cell, Vol 1, 458-469, 11 October 2007
Article
Stem Cell Aging Is Controlled Both Intrinsically and Extrinsically in the Drosophila Ovary
1 Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
2 Center for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Da Tun Road, Beijing 100101, China
3 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
4 Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
5 Department of Pharmacology, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 North 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
Corresponding author
Ting Xie
Summary
It is widely postulated that tissue aging could be, at least partially, caused by reduction of stem cell number, activity, or both. However, the mechanisms of controlling stem cell aging remain largely a mystery. Here, we use Drosophila ovarian germline stem cells (GSCs) as a model to demonstrate that age-dependent decline in the functions of stem cells and their niche contributes to overall stem cell aging. BMP signaling activity from the niche significantly decreases with age, and increasing BMP signaling can prolong GSC life span and promote their proliferation. In addition, the age-dependent E-cadherin decline in the stem cell-niche junction also contributes to stem cell aging. Finally, overexpression of SOD, an enzyme that helps eliminate free oxygen species, in either GSCs or their niche alone can prolong GSC life span and increase GSC proliferation. Therefore, this study demonstrates that stem cell aging is controlled extrinsically and intrinsically in the Drosophila ovary.
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