Stem Cells：斑马鱼眼细胞可帮助修复人类受损视网膜
生物谷：在斑马鱼眼睛中发现的一种细胞对视网膜再生非常重要，并且还能帮助视力恢复。一组英国科学家相信，利用这种Muller胶质细胞可以恢复人类受损视网膜。结果发表在本月的Stem Cells上。
视网膜损伤是造成失明的主要原因，引起视网膜损伤的疾病包括斑点状退化、青光眼、糖尿病等。来自UCL眼科学研究所的科学家分析了18岁到91岁人群的Muller胶质细胞，结果发现，这些细胞群能发育出多种视网膜细胞。小组用它们得到了视网膜中的各种神经细胞。
在对老鼠进行的实验中，细胞迁移到了视网膜，目前科学家希望能将这一发现用于人类。除了在实验室进行培养，然后再移植回眼睛外，小组还期望找到激发眼睛生长并利用自身细胞进行修复的方法。应用自身细胞修复可以减少免疫系统的排异反应。
虽然Muller胶质细胞存在于人类眼睛中，但它是否在某些人体中进行自动修复还并不清楚。可能在正常成人体内存在一种机制来阻止这些细胞分裂和复制。UCL科学家希望这一发现能在5到10年内带来新的治疗手段，由于需要克服移植的细胞带来的免疫排异反应，因此使用从自体获得的细胞可能将维持更长时间。
国家健康生物医学中心主任Peng T Khaw说：“我们非常迫切的需要针对那些失明人士的恢复视力的治疗手段。而此项成果是我们在未来数年中计划发展的方法之一。” （教育部科技发展中心）
英文原文链接：http://www.physorg.com/news105109434.html
原始出处:
Stem Cells Vol. 25 No. 8 August 2007, pp. 2033-2043
TISSUE-SPECIFIC STEM CELLS
Jean M. Lawrencea, Shweta Singhala, Bhairavi Bhatiaa, David J. Keegana, Thomas A. Rehb, Philip J. Lutherta, Peng T. Khawa, Gloria Astrid Limba
aOcular Repair and Regeneration Biology Unit, Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Institute of Ophthalmology and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom;
bDepartment of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Key Words. Adult stem cells • Cellular proliferation • Glial differentiation • Glia • Neural differentiation • Retinal transplantation Stem/progenitor cell • Tissue-specific stem cells
Correspondence: Gloria Astrid Limb, Ph.D., Ocular Repair and Regeneration Biology Unit, Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Institute of Ophthalmology, 11 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, U.K. Telephone: 020 7608-6974; Fax: 020 7608-4034; e-mail: g.limb@ucl.ac.uk
Received November 8, 2006; accepted for publication May 9, 2007.
First published online in STEM CELLS EXPRESS May 24, 2007.
Growing evidence suggests that glial cells may have a role as neural precursors in the adult central nervous system. Although it has been shown that Müller cells exhibit progenitor characteristics in the postnatal chick and rat retinae, their progenitor-like role in developed human retina is unknown. We first reported the Müller glial characteristics of the spontaneously immortalized human cell line MIO-M1, but recently we have derived similar cell lines from the neural retina of several adult eye donors. Since immortalization is one of the main properties of stem cells, we investigated whether these cells expressed stem cell markers. Cells were grown as adherent monolayers, responded to epidermal growth factor, and could be expanded indefinitely without growth factors under normal culture conditions. They could be frozen and thawed without losing their characteristics. In the presence of extracellular matrix and fibroblast growth factor-2 or retinoic acid, they acquired neural morphology, formed neurospheres, and expressed neural stem cell markers including ßIII tubulin, Sox2, Pax6, Chx10, and Notch 1. They also expressed markers of postmitotic retinal neurons, including peripherin, recoverin, calretinin, S-opsin, and Brn3. When grafted into the subretinal space of dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons rats or neonatal Lister hooded rats, immortalized cells migrated into the retina, where they expressed various markers of retinal neurons. These observations indicate that adult human neural retina harbors a population of cells that express both Müller glial and stem cell markers and suggest that these cells may have potential use for cell-based therapies to restore retinal function.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
相关报道:
- 众说风云 (已有0条评论)
相关新闻
- 没有相关生物频道
