
调控干细胞分裂的新的分子
最新一期 Developmental Cell出刊的一篇论文指出,巴塞隆纳生物医学研究院 (Institute for Research in Biomedicine)的科学家,找到一个从未发现过的调控机制,可以主宰影响干细胞 (stem cell)的分裂行为。
就过去相关的研究资料证实,每一个干细胞,都具有分裂成为 2种细胞的能力,其中之一的细胞,会在分裂后快速的分化发育,成为体细胞的一部份,而另一个细胞,则仍然保有干细胞的能力,随时保持分裂行为中的母细胞的能力,因此干细胞才能源源不绝的存在于体内,随时待命适时的修补替代破损的细胞与组织。
然而就科学家的了解,分裂中的干细胞,为了确定由母细胞所产生的 2个子细胞,可以顺利的在分裂周期中,新生成的子细胞,就必须在沿着事先出现的轴线 (axis),进行所谓的分裂动作,如果干细胞在任何一个动作中,出现了异常的现象,因而导致了分裂的不完全,那么不但失去了干细胞原先的功用,还可能导致肿瘤细胞的发生,因此研究人员可以说,干细胞的分裂行为,与肿瘤细胞的增生失控,简直是一体两面的事。
这次巴塞隆纳生物医学研究院的科学家,透过了高分辨率显微镜的辅助,以数百张的影像,观察细胞分裂的过程,研究人员除了观察到中心体 (Centrosomes)在分裂的过程中,占有关键性的角色之外,还看到了一个原本被定义成肿瘤抑制分子的蛋白质,参与中心体的调控过程,研究人员表示,如果细胞的分裂真是如此,那么研究细胞变异,发生癌化的机制就又多了一条切入的线索。
(资料来源 : Bio.com)
部分英文原文:
Developmental Cell, Volume 12, Issue 3 , March 2007, Pages 467-474
Functionally Unequal Centrosomes Drive Spindle Orientation in Asymmetrically Dividing Drosophila Neural Stem Cells
Elena Rebollo1, Paula Sampaio2, Jens Januschke1, Salud Llamazares1, Hanne Varmark1, 4 and Cayetano González1, 3
1Cell Division Group, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Parc Científic Barcelona, C/ Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
2Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 823, P4150-180 Porto, Portugal
3Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
Received 24 November 2006; revised 24 January 2007; accepted 29 January 2007. Published: March 5, 2007. Available online 5 March 2007.
Summary
Stem cell asymmetric division requires tight control of spindle orientation. To study this key process, we have recorded Drosophila larval neural stem cells (NBs) engineered to express fluorescent reporters for microtubules, pericentriolar material (PCM), and centrioles. We have found that early in the cell cycle, the two centrosomes become unequal: one organizes an aster that stays near the apical cortex for most of the cell cycle, while the other loses PCM and microtubule-organizing activity, and moves extensively throughout the cell until shortly before mitosis when, located near the basal cortex, it recruits PCM and organizes the second mitotic aster. Upon division, the apical centrosome remains in the stem cell, while the other goes into the differentiating daughter. Apical aster maintenance requires the function of Pins. These results reveal that spindle orientation in Drosophila larval NBs is determined very early in the cell cycle, and is mediated by asymmetric centrosome function.
Author Keywords: CELLBIO; DEVBIO; CELLCYCLE; STEMCELL
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