2008-7-25 12:34:45

利用超声波输送药物

治疗性超声波是指利用超声波的物理特性，使组织因温度变化及机械性应力，而引起一连串的生理变化，以促进受损组织的修补及恢复。近40多年来，超声波作为一种显象设备，因为它的实时性、低耗费、简易性和安全性而被广泛运用。

超声波从传感器传来的可增加或减小的压力传送波，导致在震源区的最大强度。这个震源区的尺寸可以从高频率波的几十微米到未聚焦治疗光束的几个厘米，局部和最大能量的储存深度的控制为临床超声波治疗提供了可能。从药物利用率的角度来看，超声波药物和基因输送的方法直接改变组织输送药物的生物和物理特性，或者循环提高生物利用率，增加药效。

最近，基于超声波和超声强化的治疗新机制被阐明。这对将其运用于临床治疗产生很大的推动力。许多内皮细胞表面受体已经被鉴定，德克萨斯大学肿瘤医学泌尿科Wadih. Arap等人认为，受体可以被连接纳米和微米大小的颗粒频繁地利用，在超声波输送系统当中，这些受体扩大了运用超声波输送的能力。

超声波也可以加强局部药物和基因输送。但是超声波系统的设计，相关的图像系统和药物输送循环还在起步阶段，可以肯定的是，超声波治疗和输送药物将是一个很有效的方法。相关论文发表在爱思唯尔期刊《先进药物输送评论》（Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews）上。（生物谷Bioon.com）

生物谷推荐原始出处：

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews，Volume 60, Issue 10, 30 June 2008, Pages 1097-1102，Katherine W. Ferrara

Driving delivery vehicles with ultrasound

Katherine W. Ferrara ^,^a^,

^aDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, 451 Health Sciences Drive, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA

Received 6 February 2008;

accepted 4 March 2008.

Available online 30 March 2008.

Abstract

Therapeutic applications of ultrasound have been considered for over 40 years, with the mild hyperthermia and associated increases in perfusion produced by ultrasound harnessed in many of the earliest treatments. More recently, new mechanisms for ultrasound-based or ultrasound-enhanced therapies have been described, and there is now great momentum and enthusiasm for the clinical translation of these techniques. This dedicated issue of Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, entitled “Ultrasound for Drug and Gene Delivery,” addresses the mechanisms by which ultrasound can enhance local drug and gene delivery and the applications that have been demonstrated at this time. In this commentary, the identified mechanisms, delivery vehicles, applications and current bottlenecks for translation of these techniques are summarized.