Sci. Translat. Med:炎症反应可引发神经退行性疾病

炎症,例如由病毒感染引发的炎症,可以造成慢性神经元功能异常,这是临床上多种神经退行性疾病开始的前兆。针对疾病发展前期的免疫学的治疗方法或许可以减少神经退行性疾病的发生率,提高神经保护的治疗窗。
近日,《转化医学》(Science Translational Medicine)杂志发表了哈佛医学院等处研究人员的观点,他们提出了一个有趣的假设:病毒感染和炎症使大脑中的细胞发生免疫反应,进而使得神经细胞易于发生退行性病变。而这些激活的炎症途径或许可以为神经退行性疾病发生之前的介入治疗提供契机。
目前,病毒感染与神经退行性疾病的关系尚不是非常清楚。研究发现,接种H5N1流感病毒的小鼠可刺激许多类似帕金森的症状的发生。系统性的感染发生在病毒进入外周神经系统(PNS,peripheral nervous system)之后,继而病毒穿过血脑屏障(BBB,blood-brain barrier)进入中枢神经系统(CNS,central nervous system)。随之发生的炎症反应将导致多巴胺神经元的功能异常,造成帕金森症。
论文指出,为揭示神经损伤的机制,研究者需要详细知晓病毒引发炎症的分子机制。从而建立一个可精确预测神经退行性疾病前期的模型,寻找治疗靶标,进行介入治疗,这样就可推迟疾病的发生,降低神经退行性疾病的发病率。(生物谷Bioon.com)
Viral and Inflammatory Triggers of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Michela Deleidi and Ole Isacson
Here, we synthesize research behind the emerging hypothesis that inflammation—which can result, for example, from viral infections—can initiate and propagate chronic neuronal dysfunction, an event that precedes the clinical onset of many neurodegenerative diseases. Therapeutic approaches that target immunological pathways in the prodromal phase of diseases might decrease the incidence of neurodegenerative disorders and increase the therapeutic window for neuroprotection.
The relationship between viral infections and neurodegeneration remains largely unknown. In this Perspective, we discuss an intriguing hypothesis: that viral infections and inflammation prime neurons and immune cells in the brain, rendering neuronal populations vulnerable to degeneration in the face of subsequent insults. These activated inflammatory pathways may represent opportunities for therapeutic intervention before the onset of neurodegenerative disease.
主办:中国医师协会
承办:生物谷 合作单位:广州军区广州总医院







