
Science:大脑区域活性降低或易患强迫症
专题:Science报道

据7月18日的《科学》(Science)杂志报道说,位于人眼睛后方的大脑某个区域活化程度的降低可能预示有罹患强迫症(OCD)的风险。OCD 是一种令人衰弱的疾病,其特征是重复性的思维和行为,它常常具有家族性,但研究人员还没有在确认与该疾病有关的特别基因上获得太多的成功。在OCD 病人的研究中,有关眶额皮层功能异常的报告已经有很长时间了。该皮层是大脑中的一个与认知过程(如决策等)有关的区域。但是,尚不清楚的是,这一异常究竟是因为OCD 的症状所致,或者它是一个表明某个人遗传到了罹患该疾病风险会增高的基因的弱点信标。
Samuel Chamberlain 及其同事在逆向学习练习时对OCD 病人及其一等亲(但没有显示OCD 的症状)以及对照组人的大脑活动进行了监控。这些练习要求参与者为了找到一个预选的图片次序而通过试误法在一系列的图片中进行反复观察。通过这些练习,研究人员观察到,与对照组相比,OCD 的病患及他们的亲戚的眶额皮层的活化程度减低。这些发现进一步强调了这一区域的大脑在日常的决策过程中的重要性,并可能帮助人们揭示引起OCD 的根本原因。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Science,Vol. 321. no. 5887, pp. 421 - 422,Samuel R. Chamberlain,Barbara J. Sahakian
Orbitofrontal Dysfunction in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Their Unaffected Relatives
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by repetitive thoughts and behaviors associated with underlying dysregulation of frontostriatal circuitry. Central to neurobiological models of OCD is the orbitofrontal cortex, a neural region that facilitates behavioral flexibility after negative feedback (reversal learning). We identified abnormally reduced activation of several cortical regions, including the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, during reversal learning in OCD patients and their clinically unaffected close relatives, supporting the existence of an underlying previously undiscovered endophenotype for this disorder.
1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 189, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
2 Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute (BCNI), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK.
3 National OCD Treatment Service, Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Welwyn Garden City AL7 4HQ, UK.
4 Medical Research Council (MRC) Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK.
5 Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK.
6 Clinical Unit Cambridge, GlaxoSmithKline, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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