高肥胖率影响美国人预期寿命
美国北卡罗来纳州韦克福雷斯特大学研究人员报告说，目前美国白人、非洲裔和拉丁裔中年和中年以上成年人中体重超标者所占比例超过三分之二，肥胖者占了三分之一到一半。
据路透社报道，该项研究涉及6814人，覆盖不同种族的中年和中年以上成年人。伯克博士等研究人员还发现，与体重正常者相比，肥胖成年人中血压高、血脂偏高和糖尿病发病的比例也高，尽管他们中大多数人正在服用降压、降脂或控制糖尿病的昂贵药物。此外，肥胖成年人更容易患动脉硬化，心室也易增厚。
研究人员认为，肥胖会导致心血管疾病死亡率上升，从而可能对美国国民预期寿命造成影响。
这些研究人员在最新出版的美国《内科学文献》（Archives of Internal Medicine）杂志上报告说，在被调查的华裔美国人中，体重超标者和肥胖者比例仅为33%和5%。这表明，肥胖在美国不应被视为“不能避免”。他们指出，研究结果表明，美国迫切需要加倍努力促使国民采取健康的生活方式。
生物谷推荐原始出处：
Archives of Internal Medicine，168(9):928-935，Gregory L. Burke，Mercedes R. Carnethon
The Impact of Obesity on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Subclinical Vascular Disease
The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(9):928-935.
Background To assess the importance of the obesity epidemic on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, we determined the prevalence of obesity and the relationship of obesity to CVD risk factors and subclinical vascular disease.
Methods The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis is an observational cohort study involving 6814 persons aged 45 to 84 years who were free of clinical CVD at baseline (2000-2002). The study assessed the association between body size and CVD risk factors, medication use, and subclinical vascular disease (coronary artery calcium, carotid artery intimal medial thickness, and left ventricular mass).
Results A large proportion of white, African American, and Hispanic participants were overweight (60% to 85%) and obese (30% to 50%), while fewer Chinese American participants were overweight (33%) or obese (5%). Hypertension and diabetes were more prevalent in obese participants despite a much higher use of antihypertensive and/or antidiabetic medications. Obesity was associated with a greater risk of coronary artery calcium (17%), internal carotid artery intimal medial thickness greater than 80th percentile (32%), common carotid artery intimal medial thickness greater than 80th percentile (45%), and left ventricular mass greater than 80th percentile (2.7-fold greater) compared with normal body size. These associations persisted after adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors.
Conclusions These data confirm the epidemic of obesity in most but not all racial and ethnic groups. The observed low prevalence of obesity in Chinese American participants indicates that high rates of obesity should not be considered inevitable. These findings may be viewed as indicators of potential future increases in vascular disease burden and health care costs associated with the obesity epidemic.
Author Affiliations: Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (Drs Burke and Bertoni); Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York (Dr Shea); Department of Pathology and Biochemistry, University of Vermont School of Medicine, Burlington (Dr Tracy); Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA School of Medicine (Dr Watson); Department of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Preventive Cardiology Center, Baltimore, Maryland (Dr Blumenthal); Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (Dr Chung); and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (Dr Carnethon).
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