
Science:新型单分子DNA测序仪研制成功

图片说明:新方法测序无需进行DNA扩增。
(图片来源:Getty)
美国Helicos BioSciences公司研究人员近日称,他们开发出了一种新型的测序设备——单分子DNA测序仪(single-molecule DNA sequencers)。该仪器能够“阅读”单分子DNA的单个碱基。相关研究文章发表在4月4日的《科学》(Science)上。
传统上,在测序之前,要先对DNA链进行扩增。这一过程往往会引入错误,并且对某些DNA片断来说无法很好地实现,从而使得对整个基因组进行测序变得尤为困难。
Helicos BioSciences公司以病毒M13为实验对象,首先将它的基因组截成小的片断,用一种酶将短小DNA标签附于每个片断的末端,在适当的位置锚定DNA片断。之后加入DNA复制酶和带有荧光标签的碱基或碱基对。当荧光DNA形成链时,就用相机拍下每个新加上的碱基对。
这一新方法称为“合成测序”,原则上与其它一些方法相同。不同之处在于,其它一些方法需要同时测序数千个相同的基因组片断以使信号足够“明亮”,新方法能够侦测到单个碱基的荧光。
新方法避开了繁琐的扩增过程,将能大大降低测序的时间和成本。Helicos BioSciences公司估计,新仪器能够用8周的时间测序一个人的基因组,代价是7万2000美元,而仪器本身则价值135万美元。
美国能源部联合基因组研究所主任Edward Rubin说:“这太酷了!最终,单分子测序将成为通行的方法。”
新的发现无疑又朝着1000美元/人的宏伟基因组测序计划迈近了坚实的一步。论文第一作者Timothy Harris认为,这一目标将会在5年以内实现。(科学网 梅进/编译)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
(Science),Vol. 320. no. 5872, pp. 106 – 109,Timothy D. Harris,Zheng Xie
Single-Molecule DNA Sequencing of a Viral Genome
The full promise of human genomics will be realized only when the genomes of thousands of individuals can be sequenced for comparative analysis. A reference sequence enables the use of short read length. We report an amplification-free method for determining the nucleotide sequence of more than 280,000 individual DNA molecules simultaneously. A DNA polymerase adds labeled nucleotides to surface-immobilized primer-template duplexes in stepwise fashion, and the asynchronous growth of individual DNA molecules was monitored by fluorescence imaging. Read lengths of >25 bases and equivalent phred software program quality scores approaching 30 were achieved. We used this method to sequence the M13 virus to an average depth of >150x and with 100% coverage; thus, we resequenced the M13 genome with high-sensitivity mutation detection. This demonstrates a strategy for high-throughput low-cost resequencing.
1 Helicos BioSciences Corporation, One Kendall Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
3 Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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