
Brain:首个能早期诊断帕金森病的血液学检查
生物谷报道:最新研究表明,一项描述血液分子生物标记的检查有望成为首个能精确诊断帕金森病的实验室检查。(ScienceDaily 2008 Mar网络版)
这个筛查试验基于血浆中几十项小分子的改变。据纽约Weill Cornell医学院的研究小组称,这些“代谢体”在帕金森病人体内发生变化,从而形成独一无二的图谱。
据美国国家帕金森基金会称,大约有150万美国人患有神经变性性疾病,每年确诊有6万例新发病例。演员Michael J. Fox、拳王Muhammad Ali,以及美国国家首席检察官Janet Reno都患有帕金森症,男女该病患病率相当。
一项能确诊帕金森病的血液学检查不仅能改变人们对这种疾病的认识,同时它也有助于科学研究的发展。目前,由于帕金森病缺乏生物学测定,医生们只能根据临床症状对该病作出诊断。依靠单一症状来筛查帕金森病的准确率最高只有90%。这带来实际问题,因为剩下10%的病人,他们可能患有诸如多系统萎缩或进行性核上性麻痹的疾病,由于误诊最终接受帕金森病药物的治疗,这些药物也许能起一时之效,但他们并未能接受相应的治疗。“
此外,早期诊断试验同样能极有效地追踪帕金森病高危患病人群的健康情况,比如那些有帕金森病家族史的人们。
最后需要指出的是,由于缺乏准确的筛查试验,这一临床试验的完善性受到限制。这是因为每当进行一项有关帕金森病人的临床调查时,研究对象中存在误诊病例,这给分析带来了‘混淆因素’,造成结果偏倚。而一项真实可靠的检测能消除这一偏倚。这就是为什么这项检测(根据病人”代谢体特征”)得出阳性结果会如此重要。
代谢组学是研究体液或组织中几千种特殊小分子变化的学说。只要人体内有任何基因或环境的波动,这些分子们就会以独特的方式发生变化。
由于针对帕金森病的治疗本身能引发这种改变,研究者们首先比较了这些尚未接受过相关治疗的帕金森病人血液里的代谢体谱,这给了研究者提供了一个‘无代谢体’的条件,使他们可以进行深入研究。
在研究的下一阶段,研究小组比较了66名帕金森病患者和25名健康人(多数人为病人家属)的血液样本。代谢组学分析涵盖超过2000种的血液小分子。
研究者们发现了帕金森病人与对照组代谢体特征存在明显差异:单一个分子不具有疾病的确诊意义,但是大约有160种混合物显现出来的图谱在帕金森病病人中具有高度特异性。
某些混合物对于该病的意义仍未明了,这是后继研究的重点。但是一些已知的、有关氧化应激的代谢体的改变与帕金森病有关。这包括低水平的抗氧化剂尿酸;另一种在血液中高表达的抗氧化剂——谷胱甘肽;以及一种高表达的氧化损伤标志物——8-羟基脱氧鸟苷。这些及其他一些代谢组学谱中的混合物都能精确诊断帕金森病,这需要进一步的研究来证实这一发现。医生们能够常规使用的这项检测项目将指日可待。
研究者们最近正在扩大样本规格,并不时对人们进行一系列调查,以此判断该检测是否也能检测出疾病的发展情况。研究者们同样也在寻找那些携带帕金森家族基因的人们,但他们目前还未发病,研究者们希望能不断追踪他们的情况,以此判断代谢组学谱是否能提示疾病处于活跃期。
假如这些数据能如初期试验所述的那样,这项能早期诊断帕金森病的血液学测定就可最终成为现实。不论对于这种致命性疾病的治疗还是研究来说,这将是一个巨大的进步。
这项研究成果已发表在《人脑》杂志上。(丁香园)
英文原文链接:http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/03/080311163624.htm
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Brain 2008 131(2):389-396; doi:10.1093/brain/awm304
Metabolomic profiling to develop blood biomarkers for Parkinson's disease
Mikhail Bogdanov1,2, Wayne R. Matson2, Lei Wang1,2, Theodore Matson1, Rachel Saunders-Pullman3, Susan S. Bressman3 and M. Flint Beal1
1Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10021, 2Bedford VA Medical Center, Bedford, MA, 01730 and 3Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, USA
Correspondence to: M. Flint Beal, MD, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street, F610, New York, NY 10021, USA E-mail: fbeal@med.cornell.edu
The development of biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring disease progression in Parkinson's disease (PD) is of great importance since diagnosis based on clinical parameters has a considerable error rate. In this study, we utilized metabolomic profiling using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electRochemical coulometric array detection (LCECA) to look for biomarkers in plasma useful for the diagnosis of PD. We examined 25 controls and 66 PD patients. We also measured 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels as a marker of oxidative damage to DNA. We initially examined the profiles of unmedicated PD subjects compared to controls to rule out confounding effects of symptomatic medications. We found a complete separation of the two groups. We then determined the variables, which played the greatest role in separating the two groups and applied them to PD subjects taking dopaminergic medications. Using these parameters, we achieved a complete separation of the PD patients from controls. 8-OHdG levels were significantly increased in PD patients, but overlapped controls. Two other markers of oxidative damage were measured in our LCECA profiles. Uric acid was significantly reduced while glutathione was significantly increased in PD patients. These findings show that metabolomic profiling with LCECA coulometric array has great promise for developing biomarkers for both the diagnosis, as well as monitoring disease progression in PD.
Key Words: Parkinson's disease; metabolomics; biomarkers; diagnosis; neurodegeneration
Abbreviations: ELLDOPA, earlier vs. later L-DOPA; HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography; LCECA, high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electRochemical array detection; MS, mass spectrometry; PD, Parkinson's disease; PLS-DA, partial least squares discriminant analysis; SWEDDs, scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit
Received July 13, 2007. Revised October 29, 2007. Accepted November 21, 2007.
全文链接:http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/131/2/389?
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