
Nature Medicine:实验室中创造出跳动心脏
生物谷报道:心脏是人体最重要的器官,一项新的研究在实验室内创造出一个跳动的心脏。这项技术将可能革新心脏和其他器官组织如何发育。
通过一种叫做整体器官脱细胞(decellularization,生物谷注)过程,美国明尼苏达州大学心血管修复中心的研究人员对从死大鼠和猪心脏获得的心脏组织进行了培养,并将它们与活细胞一起“播种”。这项研究的结果发表在1月13日的《自然·医学》杂志的网络版上。
研究人员表示,这种思路可能用于创造移植用血管或整个器官。在美国,大约有500万人患有心力衰竭,并且有每年大约有55万新诊断病例。尽管研究人员在实验室中创造心脏组织的研究中已经获得了一些进展,但是要创造出一个能够模拟复杂的心脏结构的完整三维骨架却一直是一个难题。
研究人员表示,他们的研究暗示出脱细胞作用可能是一个解决方法,其基础是利用天然平台创造出一种生物人造心脏。
脱细胞方法是从一个器官移除所有细胞的过程,只剩下完整的细胞外基质(细胞间的框架)。在成功从大鼠和猪心脏移除掉所有细胞后,研究人员注射入了一种来自新生大鼠心脏的前体细胞,然后在实验室中进行培养。
试验的结果相当有前景。在用心脏细胞播种脱细胞心脏骨架四天后,研究人员观察到了收缩。8天后,心脏开始有泵的作用。研究人员相信这一发现将能够有助于增加可移植器官的供应。
研究人员也希望这种脱细胞过程能够用于创造出新的可移植器官。因为一种新的心脏能够被受体细胞所填充,所以研究人员推测这种心脏组织被身体排斥的可能更小。而且,一旦被放置到了受体中,理论上这个心脏能够像被置换掉的心脏一样获得营养、被调节和再生。
在这项研究中,研究人员使用了未成熟细胞(干细胞)。尽管心脏修复是研究过程中的首个目的,但脱细胞可能改变研究人员进行器官加工的思路,并且为创造所希望的任何器官开启了大门。
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Nature Medicine
Published online: 13 January 2008 | doi:10.1038/nm1684
Perfusion-decellularized matrix: using nature's platform to engineer a bioartificial heart
Harald C Ott1, Thomas S Matthiesen2, Saik-Kia Goh2, Lauren D Black3, Stefan M Kren2, Theoden I Netoff3 & Doris A Taylor2,4
About 3,000 individuals in the United States are awaiting a donor heart; worldwide, 22 million individuals are living with heart failure. A bioartificial heart is a theoretical alternative to transplantation or mechanical left ventricular support. Generating a bioartificial heart requires engineering of cardiac architecture, appropriate cellular constituents and pump function. We decellularized hearts by coronary perfusion with detergents, preserved the underlying extracellular matrix, and produced an acellular, perfusable vascular architecture, competent acellular valves and intact chamber geometry. To mimic cardiac cell composition, we reseeded these constructs with cardiac or endothelial cells. To establish function, we maintained eight constructs for up to 28 d by coronary perfusion in a bioreactor that simulated cardiac physiology. By day 4, we observed macroscopic contractions. By day 8, under physiological load and electrical stimulation, constructs could generate pump function (equivalent to about 2% of adult or 25% of 16-week fetal heart function) in a modified working heart preparation.
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
- Center for Cardiovascular Repair, University of Minnesota, 312 Church Street Southeast, 7-105A NHH, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 312 Church Street Southeast, 7 NHH, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 6-125 Jackson Hall, 312 Church Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
Correspondence to: Doris A Taylor2,4 e-mail: dataylor@umn.edu
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