组织工程学的新进展
组织工程(Tissue Engineering)一词，最早是由美国国家科学基金委员会于1987年正式提出和确定的。它是应用细胞生物学和工程学的原理，研究开发用于修复或改善人体病损组织或器官的结构、功能的生物活性替代物的一门科学。
组织工程的基本原理和方法，是将体外培养扩增的正常组织细胞，吸附于一种具有优良细胞兼容性并可以被人体降解吸收的生物材料上形成复合物，然后将细胞—生物材料复合物植入人体组织、器官的缺损部位，当细胞生长支架逐渐被人体分解吸收的同时，细胞不断增殖、分化，形成与原始形态、功能方面相似的组织、器官。
在第85届究国际牙科研协会的会议期间，科学家提出一项实验，利用从软骨获得的人类细胞于生长支架上。如果软骨细胞可以成功地生长，他们也有兴趣测定成骨蛋白质1能否促进这些细胞的发育。
成骨生长肽(Osteogenic Growth Peptide,简称OGP)是一种促进体外成骨细胞增殖和体内成骨的多肽类物质，它最初是从损伤后再生的骨髓之培养基质中，分离纯化而来。
研究结果发现，利用OGP可以改善支架上的软骨细胞生长，而人类软骨细胞可以利用组织工程发展出可用于移植的软骨。
(资料来源 : Bio.com)
| 英文原文： |
|
Scientists Progress in Successful Tissue Engineering |
| 03/23/07 -- Tissue engineering is a relatively new field of basic and clinical science that is concerned, in part, with creating tissues that can augment or replace injured, defective, or diseased body parts. The approach to fabricating the tissues involves adding specific cell types to grow on a polymer scaffold having the shape of the tissue to be restored. The scaffold gradually disappears, while the cells continue developing in the scaffold shape. With the use of non-human animal cells, there has been considerable recent progress made in the engineering of skin, bladder, cartilage, and several other tissues.
Today, during the 85th General Session of the International Association for Dental Research, scientists are reporting on experiments applying human cells from cartilage (chondrocytes) on a scaffold. If the chondrocytes could be successfully grown in this manner, they were also interested in determining whether their development could be enhanced by a protein (osteogenic protein-1) that was known to increase production by chondrocytes of a major cartilage extracellular matrix component, proteoglycan. This study had not been undertaken previously. Experiments were conducted as follows: Normal ankle cartilage was obtained from a deceased adult through the Gift of Hope Organ & Tissue Donor Network in Elmhurst, IL. The chondrocytes from the cartilage were isolated and purified by standard laboratory procedures. They were then applied to small polymer (polyglycolic acid) scaffolds that were disc-shaped. Three such constructs were created for comparison of possible cell growth and proteoglycan production. The first consisted of a scaffold treated with cells only, the second a scaffold with cells to which osteogenic protein-1 (from Stryker Biotech, Hopkinton, MA) was added drop-wise, and the third a scaffold incorporating timed-release capsules of osteogenic protein-1 together with cells. The constructs were maintained for 4 weeks and then analyzed for the presence of chondrocytes and production of proteoglycan. Results showed successful tissue engineering of the chondrocytes on scaffolds and enhancement of proteoglycan production with osteogenic protein-1 delivered to the cells by either droplet addition or timed release. The studies established that human chondrocytes are able to develop cartilage by the tissue-engineering methods used, and promise further advances toward therapeutic tissue engineering by laboratory means. Source: International & American Association for Dental Research |
相关报道:
- 众说风云 (已有0条评论)
