磁力锚系统能让外科手术不留疤痕
德州大学西南医学中心(UT Southwestern Medical Center)的医师及德州大学的工程师发明了一个具创新性的技术，能使手术不留疤痕，不过，目前这项新技术还在研发阶段。泌尿科及放射学教授Jeffrey Cadeddu说：「挶限在人体固定的构型中进行手术是很困难的，所以和同侪们合力开发了这个称为磁力锚导引系统(Magnetic Anchoring and Guidance System)的技术。」研究人员将带有磁性的内视镜工具经由肚脐或喉咙进入腹腔中，藉由磁铁吸引力来完成手术。此研究成果发表于3月份的Annals of Surgery期刊。
技术发想的来源是看到电视上一群年轻人，在嘴唇边装饰的磁铁，由于他们不想在嘴唇上穿孔，所以把装饰品作成具有磁性。于是研究人员便想到可以将此概念可应用于内视镜手术，并设计了一个原型(prototype)。研究人员在腹部外面放置一堆磁铁，藉此能吸引并移动置于内部的内视镜工具。目前在动物模式中，外科医师已能成功的移动动物的肾脏。
Daniel Scott医师表示：藉由磁力锚导引技术，仪器可经由下腹部自然的孔洞进入，而无需经由喉咙、结肠或阴道嵌入仪器。因为目前的内视镜手术大约需要开4~5个孔洞，也许未来只需要开一个孔洞就能完成这类的手术，不但减少疼痛还能减少目前手术后产生的疤痕。
（编译/陈瑞娟） (资料来源 : Bio.com)
部分英文原文：
Annals of Surgery. 245(3):379-384, March 2007
Surgical Technique
Park, Sangtae MD, MPH *; Bergs, Richard A. MS +; Eberhart, Robert PhD ++; Baker, Linda MD *; Fernandez, Raul PhD +; Cadeddu, Jeffrey A. MD *
Abstract:
Objective: To develop a novel laparoscopic system of moveable instruments that are positioned intra-abdominally and "locked" into place by external permanent magnets placed on the abdomen.
Summary Background Data: In conventional laparoscopy, multiple trocars are required because of the limited degrees of freedom of conventional instrumentation, and the limited working envelope (an inverted cone) created by the fulcrum motion around each port. While robotic systems can improve the number of degrees of freedom, they are restricted by even smaller working envelopes.
Methods: A collaborative research group from the Department of Urology and the Automation & Robotics Research Institute of the University of Texas, Arlington built a prototype system of magnetically anchored instruments for trocar-less laparoscopy. The only design mandate was that the developed technology be able to pass into the abdomen through one existing 12-mm diameter trocar.
Results: A transabdominal "magnetic anchoring and guidance system" (MAGS) platform was developed to incorporate instruments, retractors, and a controllable intra-abdominal camera. In vitro, the platform was able to anchor 375 and 147 g across porcine tissue 1.8 and 2.5 cm thick, respectively. The permanent magnet platforms were sufficiently strong to retract the porcine liver and securely anchor the camera. Its versatility was demonstrated by moving the camera to virtually any location in the peritoneum with no working envelope restrictions and the subsequent completion of porcine laparoscopic procedures with 2 trocars only.
Conclusions: Trocar-less laparoscopy using magnetically anchored instruments is feasible and may expand intracorporeal instrument manipulation substantially beyond current-day capability. The ability to reduce the number of trocars necessary for laparoscopic surgery has the potential to revolutionize surgical practice.
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