《自然－生物技术》：花果香味的新型转基因西红柿诞生
以色列科学家开发出一种新的转基因西红柿，具有玫瑰花和柠檬的香味。
生物谷报道：以色列科学家最近开发出一种新型转基因西红柿，闻起来有玫瑰花和柠檬的香味。相关论文在线发表于《自然—生物技术》上。
进行该项研究的是以色列Newe Yaar研究中心的Efraim Lewinsohn和同事。他们向西红柿中导入了一种柠檬罗勒（Ocimum basilicum）基因，该基因能够制造一种香叶醇合酶（geraniol synthase），从而使西红柿产生类似柠檬的芳香气味。
在有82人参加的检测实验中，几乎所有受试者都能够通过香味来区分这种转基因西红柿和正常品种。受试者将闻到的香味描述为“香水味”、“玫瑰”、“天竺葵”以及“柠檬香草”等。此外，在食用该转基因西红柿后，82人中有29人表示倾向于吃传统品种，相比之下，有49人更喜欢这种转基因西红柿的味道。
从外表上看，该转基因西红柿仅有一点淡红色，这是由于它们的番茄红素（lycopene，赋予西红柿亮红颜色的一种抗氧化物质，对人体有益）含量仅有传统西红柿的一半。不过，新的转基因品种可以产生高浓度的挥发性萜类物质（volatile terpenoids），它们具有消毒杀菌的作用。因此，Lewinsohn表示，新的转基因西红柿的货架时间更长，而且在生长过程中需要的农药和杀虫剂较少。
研究人员认为，除西红柿外，其他一些能够产生类胡萝卜素的蔬菜和花朵也能够实现气味和味道上的转基因改变。
不过，美国现在还没有开始种植任何类型的转基因西红柿，考虑到环境和健康等问题，欧洲市场上也不允许出现西红柿的转基因品种。（生物谷援引科学网）
原始出处:
Published online: 24 June 2007 | doi:10.1038/nbt1312
Enrichment of tomato flavor by diversion of the early plastidial terpenoid pathway
Rachel Davidovich-Rikanati1,2, Yaron Sitrit3, Yaakov Tadmor1, Yoko Iijima4,8, Natalya Bilenko5, Einat Bar1, Bentsi Carmona1, Elazar Fallik6, Nativ Dudai1, James E Simon7, Eran Pichersky4 & Efraim Lewinsohn1
We have modified the flavor and aroma of tomatoes by expressing the Ocimum basilicum geraniol synthase gene under the control of the tomato ripening–specific polygalacturonase promoter. A majority of untrained taste panelists preferred the transgenic fruits over controls. Monoterpene accumulation was at the expense of reduced lycopene accumulation. Similar approaches may be applicable for carotenoid-accumulating fruits and flowers of other species.
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, PO Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095 Israel.
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109–1048, USA.
- The S. Daniel Abraham International Center for Health and Nutrition, Epidemiology and Health Services Evaluation Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
- Department of Postharvest Science, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250 lsrael.
- New Use Agriculture & Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Plant Pathology, Rutgers University, Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, U.S.A.
- Present address: Department of Biotechnology Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-5-23 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan.
Correspondence to: Efraim Lewinsohn1 e-mail: twefraim@agri.gov.il
Correspondence to: Yaron Sitrit3 e-mail: sitrit@bgu.ac.il
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