
Science:美调查说转基因作物对农田生态环境有益
转基因作物对于环境的安全性一直备受争议。美国科学家7日发布的一项调查报告称,从多项田间试验来看,抗病虫害的转基因作物与需要喷洒杀虫剂的作物相比,更有利于其他田间生物的生存。
这一研究报告将刊登在8日正式出版的新一期《科学》杂志上。由加州圣克拉拉大学、加利福尼亚大学圣巴巴拉分校以及美国自然保护协会三家机构研究人员组成的调查小组,以Bt抗病虫害转基因玉米和棉花为对象,对美国、印度和澳大利亚等国进行的40多项转基因作物田间试验进行了分析。
Bt转基因作物通过基因工程改良,引入一种对许多田间害虫具有毒性的细菌的DNA,使农作物无需杀虫剂即可抵御病虫害。这类转基因作物不仅能节省种植成本,且产量也较传统作物要高。但环保人士一直担心,转基因作物可能对土壤有负面影响,同时还可能威胁到人类健康和农田生物多样性。
然而调查小组的分析表明,由于抗病虫害的转基因作物无需像传统作物一样需要大量喷洒杀虫剂,生活在转基因作物田间的普通生物,如瓢虫、蜜蜂、蝴蝶等的生存反而因此受益。这些生物基本不威胁Bt抗病虫害作物的生长。
研究人员指出,他们的分析证明,转基因作物在某些方面比传统作物更有利于农田生态环境,只要管理得当,将有利于农业的可持续发展。(生物谷援引新华网)
原始出处:
Science 8 June 2007:
Vol. 316. no. 5830, pp. 1475 - 1477
A Meta-Analysis of Effects of Bt Cotton and Maize on Nontarget Invertebrates
Although scores of experiments have examined the ecological consequences of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops, debates continue regarding the nontarget impacts of this technology. Quantitative reviews of existing studies are crucial for better gauging risks and improving future risk assessments. To encourage evidence-based risk analyses, we constructed a searchable database for nontarget effects of Bt crops. A meta-analysis of 42 field experiments indicates that nontarget invertebrates are generally more abundant in Bt cotton and Bt maize fields than in nontransgenic fields managed with insecticides. However, in comparison with insecticide-free control fields, certain nontarget taxa are less abundant in Bt fields.
1 Environmental Studies Institute, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA.
2 National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), University of California at Santa Barbara, 735 State Street, Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA.
3 The Nature Conservancy, 4722 Latona Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mmarvier@scu.edu
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